This is a retrospective, observational study, using secondary data captured in electronic health records (EHRs). The study is a part of the OPTIMISE-CKD program to assess the current CKD treatment landscape, Dapagliflozin utilisation and characterization of incident CKD patient and the burden of disease within an observation period of 39 months (August 2020-November 2024) in two cohorts (preand post-reimbursement of Dapagliflozin for CKD)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Meets CKD definition criteria: having at least two eGFR measures ≤60 ml/min/1.73m2 measured ≥90 to 730 days apart and/or UACR ≥ 30 mg/g, and/or at least one measurement indicative of proteinuria (or with proteinuria ERA-ICD code) or CKD code.
• Age ≥18 years.
• 12 months continuous enrolment in the data base prior to index
• 12 months continuous enrolment in the data base after index date.

Exclusion Criteria:

• T1DM on or before index date.
• Diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus on or before index date

The overall study population will consist of adult (aged > 18 years at index date) patients with CKD

Qualified researchers can request access to anonymized individual patient-level data from AstraZeneca group of companies sponsored clinical trials via the request portal Vivli.org. All requests will be evaluated as per the AZ disclosure commitment: https://astrazenecagrouptrials.pharmacm.com/ST/Submission/Disclosure.

Yes, indicates that AZ are accepting requests for IPD, but this does not mean all requests will be shared.