Clinical Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Patients: A Before-and-After Interventional Study

Effect of a Structured Clinical and Pharmacological Management Strategy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Patients in Routine Clinical Practice: A Pseudo-Experimental Before-and-After Study

This study aims to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in adult patients attending an outpatient cardiology clinic. The research focuses on identifying predictors of adverse cardiovascular events, optimizing risk stratification, and improving preventive strategies in routine clinical practice. Data will be collected from patients receiving standard cardiology care without altering their treatment. The results are expected to contribute to better understanding of cardiovascular risk profiles and to support improvements in clinical decision-making and patient management.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years
• Presence of at least one cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, or smoking)
• Receiving outpatient clinical follow-up
• Ability to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe clinical instability requiring hospitalization
• Pregnancy
• End-stage renal disease or dialysis
• Inability to complete follow-up visits
• Refusal to participate