The Relationship Between Pain, Psychological Resilience, and Body Image Perception in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
The Relationship Between Pain, Psychological Resilience, and Body Image Perception in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
This cross-sectional, comparative study will examine the relationship between psychological resilience and body image in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM), and compare these findings with healthy controls. Participants will be recruited consecutively from the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic at Samsun Training and Research Hospital. After informed consent, demographic and clinical information will be recorded and validated questionnaires will be administered. The results may help to better understand psychological and body-related experiences in RA and FM and support more comprehensive patient care.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory painful disease frequently accompanied by persistent pain, functional limitations, fatigue, and psychological distress. Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain and multiple symptoms including fatigue, non-restorative sleep, and cognitive complaints; psychological and social factors may also contribute to symptom burden. In both conditions, altered pain processing and central sensitization may influence symptom severity and daily functioning. Body image refers to an individual's perceptions, feelings, and thoughts about their own body, including appearance and physical functioning; chronic pain and disability can negatively affect body image and quality of life.
Objective: The primary aim of this study is to investigate, in a cross-sectional and comparative manner, the association between psychological resilience and body image in RA and FM, and to compare results with a healthy control group.
Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, comparative study conducted in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic at Samsun Training and Research Hospital.
Participants: Adults aged 18-65 years. The study will include approximately 42 participants with FM (meeting ACR 2016 criteria), 42 participants with RA (meeting ACR criteria; disease activity assessed using DAS28), and 40 healthy controls without a history of chronic pain or chronic disease.
Procedures and Measures: After written informed consent, demographic variables (age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, occupation, education), comorbidities, and medication use will be recorded. Participants will complete validated instruments including the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Body Image Scale (BIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SAS), and the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) (FM group). Somatosensory assessment will be performed using the Two-Point Discrimination test. RA disease activity will be evaluated using DAS28.
Sample Size: Power analysis (G*Power) indicated a minimum total sample size of approximately 102 participants (34 per group).
Statistical Analysis: Group comparisons will be performed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests based on data distribution. Associations between resilience, body image, central sensitization, sensory measures, and quality-of-life outcomes will be assessed using correlation analyses. A p-value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria