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This study will use a factorial design to compare the effects of different colors and shapes on patients' preoperative anxiety.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Experimental | warm color and sharp shape are shown to the patients |
|
| B | Experimental | warm color and smooth shape are shown to the patients |
|
| C | Experimental | cold color and sharp shape are shown to the patients |
|
| D | Experimental | cold color and smooth shape are shown to the patients |
|
| E | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| warm color | Behavioral | red and yellow color picture is used |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| score of visual analogue scale (VAS) of anxiety | The Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) is a single-item, quick-assessment tool consisting of a 100-mm horizontal line anchored by "no anxiety" at the left end (0 mm) and "worst possible anxiety" at the right end (100 mm). Patients were instructed to mark the point that best represented their current level of anxiety. | at the end of intervention, approximately 10 minutes before start of anesthesia |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| heart rate variability | at the end of intervention, approximately 10 minutes before start of anesthesia | |
| score of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) | The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess transient or situational anxiety levels. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("not at all") to 4 ("very much so"), with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Individual preferences for colors and shapes | 1, prefer curve and warm color; 2, prefer angle and warm color; 3, prefer curve and cold color; 4, prefer angle and cold color | before intervention, approximately 30 minutes before anesthesia |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhihong Lu | Contact | 86-13891975018 | deerlu23@163.com |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41095825 | Background | Takemura Y, Kido K, Morozumi T, Sanuki T, Yao T, Mukai Y. Effects of Different Visual Color Stimuli on Stress Responses in Patients with Dental Phobia. J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 24;14(19):6745. doi: 10.3390/jcm14196745. | |
| 40249469 | Background | Liu Y, Chen XF. Impact of labiaplasty on psychological well-being and quality of life in Chinese women: Findings from a single-center retrospective study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2025 Oct;171(1):423-430. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70171. Epub 2025 Apr 18. |
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De-identified individual patient data will be available after publication with reasonable request to Dr. Zhihong Lu.
after publication
with reasonable request to Dr. Zhihong Lu
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| cold color |
| Behavioral |
blue and green color is used |
|
| sharp shape | Behavioral | triangle shaped picture is used |
|
| smooth shape | Behavioral | circle and curve are used |
|
| at the end of intervention, approximately 10 minutes before start of anesthesia |
| Engagement level during the painting task | measured by a 0-10 subjective rating scale, 0 is not engaged, 10 is totally engaged | from start of painting to end of painting , approximately 10 minutes |
| tachycardia | heart rate over 100 beats per minute | from admitted into the operating room to start of anesthesia, at an average of 15 minutes |
| hypertension | systolic blood pressure increased by more than 20% of baseline. baseline blood pressure is measured in waiting area | from admitted into the operating room to start of anesthesia, at an average of 15 minutes |
| 34491443 | Background | Eminovic S, Vincze G, Fink A, Fischerauer SF, Sadoghi P, Leithner A, Kamolz LP, Tscheliessnigg K, Bernhardt GA. Positive effect of colors and art in patient rooms on patient recovery after total hip or knee arthroplasty : A randomized controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2022 Mar;134(5-6):221-226. doi: 10.1007/s00508-021-01936-6. Epub 2021 Sep 7. |
| 33927077 | Background | Zhou S, Wei L, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Hu S, Yan X, Hua W, Chen J. Effect of painting intervention based on Mandala-self theory on mood and physiological state in patients in preoperative waiting room. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2021 Mar 28;46(3):293-299. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.190795. Chinese, English. |
| 31799291 | Background | Luis M, Doss R, Zayed B, Yacoub M. Effect of live oud music on physiological and psychological parameters in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2019 Sep 20;2019(2):e201917. doi: 10.21542/gcsp.2019.17. |
| 26583656 | Background | Vetter D, Barth J, Uyulmaz S, Uyulmaz S, Vonlanthen R, Belli G, Montorsi M, Bismuth H, Witt CM, Clavien PA. Effects of Art on Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2015 Nov;262(5):704-13. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001480. |