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To analyze the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, clinical parameters, biochemical biomarkers, and perceived exertion in adults with obesity.
Resistance training has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for improving muscular strength and metabolic profile. According to the available evidence, a moderate-to-high intensity level (60-90% of one-repetition maximum [1RM]) is required to achieve optimal outcomes in healthy adults.
Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, in turn, has emerged as an innovative strategy that promotes gains comparable or similar to those achieved with moderate-to-high intensity resistance training. It has been proposed as an efficient and safe training alternative in both clinical and non-clinical settings . Current findings identify BFR as a promising, versatile, accessible, and particularly useful tool when moderate-to-high intensity resistance training must be limited or contraindicated.
Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on muscular strength, clinical parameters, biochemical biomarkers, and perceived exertion in adults with obesity, providing evidence regarding a potentially safe and effective intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| BFR group | Experimental | This group will train for 8 weeks |
|
| Control group | Active Comparator | This group will train for 8 weeks |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Other | The BFR group will perform machine-based quadriceps extension exercises and dumbbell biceps curls involving both lower limbs and both upper limbs. Each exercise will consist of 4 sets of 12 repetitions. Quadriceps extensions will be performed at an intensity of 40% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), and biceps curls at 20% of 1RM. The execution cadence will be standardized to 1 second for the concentric phase and 2 seconds for the eccentric phase. Inter-set rest intervals will be 1 minute. For vascular occlusion, a Carbafix cuff (8 cm width × 68 cm length for the upper limb; 10.5 cm width × 106.0 cm length for the lower limb) will be applied directly to the skin at the most proximal portion of the arm or thigh. The cuff will be inflated to 20 mmHg above resting brachial systolic blood pressure. To ensure partial vascular occlusion, pulse and oxygen saturation will be assessed using a pulse oximeter at the end of each set. Cuff pressure will be released during the inter-set rest periods. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle strength | Muscle strength (kg): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. Muscle strength will be assessed using dynamometry | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Dynamic muscle strength | Dynamic muscle strength (kg): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Arm circumference | Arm circumference (cm): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. Measurements will be obtained using a non-elastic measuring tape in accordance with the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Thigh circumference | Thigh circumference (cm): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. Measurements will be obtained using a non-elastic measuring tape in accordance with the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max) | VO₂max (ml/min/kg): Change from Baseline at 8 weeks, measured using a submaximal exercise test based on the Åstrand-Ryhming protocol | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | SBP (mmHg): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco | Tlajomulco de Zúñiga | Jalisco | 45650 | Mexico |
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| Intervention | Other | The control group will perform quadriceps extensions and biceps curls, completing 4 sets of 10 repetitions at an intensity of 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The execution tempo will be standardized to 1 second for the concentric phase and 2 seconds for the eccentric phase, with 2-minute inter-set rest intervals. The protocol will adhere to the resistance training guidelines established by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) |
|
DBP (mmHg): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention
| Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Heart rate | Heart rate (bpm): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Glucose | Glucose (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Triglycerides | Triglycerides (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Total cholesterol | Total cholesterol (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| HDL cholesterol | HDL cholesterol (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| LDL cholesterol | LDL cholesterol (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | CRP (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | IL-6 (pg/mL):Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) | TNF-α (pg/mL): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Weight | Weight (kg): Changes in weight from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Height | Height (cm): Changes in height from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Body mass index (BMI) | BMI (kg/m^2): Change from Baseline at 8 weeks, calculated by: weight (kg)/ height (m^2). | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Body fat percentage | Body fat percentage (%): Changes in body fat assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Muscle mass percentage | Muscle mass percentage (%): Changes in muscle mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Perceived Exertion | Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE) | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Exercise enjoyment | Exercise enjoyment will be assessed using the validated Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale Questionnaire (PACES) | Baseline and after 8 weeks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008722 | Methods |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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