Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
this study including the application of a specific technique of Mulligan mobilization calles 2 leg rotation on patients having lumbar discogenic lesion with sciatica. this technique is designed to address sciatic pain and proposed to reduce sciatica by opening the intervertebral foramnia. However, there is no systematic evedince supporting its clinical effect
Among the different causes of low back pain (LBP) is a lesion in the lumbar discs. Narrowing of the disc space and intervertebral foramina, deterioration of disc quality, and protrusion outside its anatomical perimeters can lead to pressure on the surrounding structures and cause radicular pain (Ostelo, 2020). Radicular pain that follows the course of the sciatic nerve or part of it is referred to as sciatica.
Sciatica can be so bothersome secondary to the pain experienced that it can also lead to sensory deficits, tightness in the hamstrings, and limit the person's ability to stand and walk normally, thereby reducing functional ability (Fairag et al., 2022). Emotional disturbances-such as anxiety about moving and depression of varying severity-often occur, especially in people who avoid activities that worsen their pain (Oosterhuis et al., 2019).
Sciatica can be evaluated through several methods. Pain severity is often quantified using instruments such as the visual analog scale (VAS), the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ramasamy et al., 2017). Sciatic nerve mobility is commonly assessed by the straight leg raise (SLR) test, which measures the hip flexion angle (H. M. Hussein et al., 2024). Meanwhile, functional questionnaires determine how sciatic pain affects everyday activities (Machado et al., 2016).
Several therapeutic options are available for treating sciatica and its associated symptoms, including surgical treatment (Machado et al., 2016), medications, physical therapy (Ostelo, 2020), and manual therapies (Kuligowski et al., 2021). Recent studies have highlighted the efficacy of manual therapy in the rehabilitation of subjects with sciatica (Clar et al., 2014). One such manual therapy is the Mulligan Concept, a relatively recent approach developed by pioneer manual therapist Brian Mulligan. Specific Mulligan techniques, such as two-leg rotation, have been described for treating sciatic pain (W Hing et al., 2020).
It has been proposed that the two-leg rotation can enhance vertebral rotation and open the intervertebral foramina, thereby assisting in relieving compressions on the nerve roots caused by prolapsed discs (Pourahmadi et al., 2018).
While the founder of the technique and his fellow students proposed theoretical effects of the two-leg rotation technique, the literature contains almost no research supporting its clinical usefulness. A recent meta-analysis investigated the commonly used Mulligan techniques in the treatment of sciatica and did not include any randomized trials on the two-leg rotation technique. High-quality research studies are needed to establish the clinical effectiveness of two-leg rotation techniques. These studies can help clinical practitioners and manual therapists to determine the appropriate use and expected results of applying the two-leg rotation technique (H. Hussein et al., 2025).
This study aims to investigate the effect of adding a two-leg rotation technique to standard physical therapy on pain, flexibility, function, and sciatica-related bother in patients with discogenic low back pain.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| standard physical therapy | Active Comparator | this group of participants will recieve standard physical therapy care consisted of trans cutanous electrical nerve stimulation + ultrasound+ superficial heat and therapeutic exercises including pelvic tilting exercises |
|
| 2 leg rotation | Experimental | this group of participants will recieve the same intervention introduced to the standard physical therapy arm in addition to the 2 leg rotation technique of manual concept. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| standard physical therapy | Other | Modalities (TENS, US, and superficial heat) All participants received conventional TENS (Chattanooga, Intellect Advanced, USA) with the following parameters: frequency, 100 Hz; pulse duration, 60 ms; amplitude-modulated frequency, 10%; and intensity adjusted to a comfortable tingling sensation. Two electrodes (single channel) were used: the first was placed over the ipsilateral lumbar region, and the second over the popliteal fossa. The duration of the TENS was 20 minutes (Ozen et al., 2023). A ten-minute continuous Ultrasound (US) model (Chattanooga, Intellect Advanced, USA) was applied over the nerve roots. The 5 cm² US head was used, with a frequency of 1 MHz and an intensity of 1.5 W/cm² (Ozen et al., 2023). Exercises in the form of pelvic rocking From the supine position, the participant was asked to bend their hips and knees partially, then arch their lumbar spine, and finally press the bed with their low back. This exercise was performed 10 times per session. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain by the numeric pain rating scale | The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a unidimensional 0-to-10 measure, where 0 denotes "no pain" and 10 signifies "worst imaginable pain." Participants indicated their current pain intensity by choosing the number that best reflected their experience (H. Hussein, Atteya, et al., 2024). Previous investigations have confirmed the NPRS's strong psychometric properties, reporting validity and reliability coefficients of 0.941 and 0.95, respectively (Alghadir et al., 2018). | at baseline and after the end of intervention (after 4 weeks of intervention) |
| Flexibility measured by the passive straight leg raise test | The passive straight leg raise (SLR) test was performed with the participant supine. The assessor passively elevated the symptomatic lower limb in the sagittal plane until the participant experienced their typical symptoms or hamstring tightness limited further motion. Upon symptom onset, the assessor documented the type, severity, location, and whether the symptoms matched the participant's usual pain. Then, the assessor lowered the limb slightly until the symptoms subsided. Next, passive ankle dorsiflexion and active neck flexion were applied to determine if symptoms could be reproduced. The interpretation is deemed positive when all of the following criteria are satisfied:
| at baseline and after the end of the intervention (after 4 weeks of intervention) |
| Function by the Oswestry disability index. | A validated Arabic version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess function. This scale consisted of ten sections, each describing a different domain of function. Each one of these sections contains six phrases, which are scored from 0 to 5. The maximum score is 100, which indicates the worst functional ability, while lower scores indicate better function. Each participant was instructed to choose the most appropriate statement from each section of the ODI. The values of all statements chosen by the participants were added, and the total score was then used for analysis (Hussien et al., 2017). |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Both genders.
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hisham Mohamed Hussein, PhD | Contact | +966543704108 | hm.hussein@uoh.edu.sa |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hisham M Mohamed, PhD | University of Hail, College of Applied Medical Sciences | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Hail | Recruiting | Ha'il | Ha'il Region | 3994 | Saudi Arabia |
raw data will be available with the pricnciple investigator upon reasinable request
it will be avaliable between May 2026 to May 2027
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012585 | Sciatica |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020426 | Sciatic Neuropathy |
| D020422 | Mononeuropathies |
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
double-blind 2 groups pretest-post test randomized controlled trial
Not provided
Not provided
The allocation process in this study will be conducted randomly and managed by a colleague who is not involved in the study. The assessor and the patients will be blinded throughout the study, while the therapist will be allowed to unmask the allocation process to provide the appropriate treatment.
Blindness will be conducted by assigning participants coded numbers, which will be used to identify them throughout the study.
|
| 2 leg rotation | Other | The patient lies in a crook lying. Both hips are flexed to beyond 90° with knees bent. The therapist supports the pelvis/legs. The knees are brought to the side, limiting the SLR, while rotating the pelvis and trunk as far as possible without pain. The therapist was allowed to change the hip / lumbar position (flexion/extension) if pain is provoked. Sustain for 20 seconds and return to the start position painlessly. Reassess SLR in supine (Wayne Hing et al., 2020). |
|
| at baseline and after the end of the intervention (after 4 weeks of intervention) |
| Sciatica bothersomeness and frequency by Sciatica bothersomeness and frequency scale | The Sciatica Frequency Index asks patients to indicate how often they experience each of the symptoms covered by the Sciatica Bothersomeness Index (SBI). In fact, the concept of "bothersomeness" has become a common way to quantify symptoms in sciatica and low back pain. For this reason, we selected the SBI as the best tool for capturing patients' own perceptions of their sciatica symptoms in the current study. The Sciatica Bothersomeness Index employs a uniform format to assess four key complaints: leg pain, numbness or tingling in the leg, foot, or groin, weakness in the leg or foot, and back or leg pain when sitting. Patients rated the severity of each symptom, and the ratings were summed to produce a total SBI score. The index has been featured in multiple investigations, and three of its items have been incorporated into the North American Spine Society's outcome instrument (Grøvle et al., 2010). | at baseline and after the end of the intervention (after 4 weeks of intervention) |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009437 | Neuralgia |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |