Complications Associated With Radiofrequency Microneedling in Dermatology: a Delphi Consensus

Complications Associated With Radiofrequency Microneedling in Dermatology: a Delphi Consensus

Radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) combines controlled delivery of radiofrequency energy into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue through arrays of insulated or non-insulated microneedles. This targeted thermal stimulation induces fibroblast (re-)activation leading to collagen remodeling and neocollagenesis, leading to clinical improvement in skin laxity and rhytides. Despite widespread clinical use, recent FDA announcements have highlighted concerns regarding potentially serious complications associated with RFMN treatments. Given this evolving landscape, consensus-based expert guidance is essential to support clinicians in navigating device selection, treatment parameters, patient counselling, and safety protocols. The present Delphi consensus aims to provide structured expert recommendations to address these emerging challenges.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Board-certified in dermatology or plastic surgery,
• At least five years of clinical experience using energy-based devices,
• Documented experience of at least 5 years and/or publications related to RFMN

Exclusion Criteria:

• not meeting inclusion critera