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This prospective, single-arm interventional study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured postoperative pulmonary physiotherapy program delivered by the research team in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. The intervention consists of chest physiotherapy, bronchial hygiene techniques, early mobilization, and postural exercises applied under physiotherapist supervision during the postoperative hospital stay.
The primary outcome is length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes include blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, fatigue, and dyspnea levels. Clinical outcomes will be analyzed according to age groups (45-59 years and 60-90 years) to determine potential age-related differences in response to the intervention.
This interventional study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured pulmonary physiotherapy program applied after lung cancer surgery across different age groups. Patients aged 45 years and older undergoing lung resection will be included and categorized into two age groups (45-60 years and ≥60 years) for subgroup analysis.
The structured postoperative pulmonary physiotherapy program is initiated in the early postoperative period and continued until hospital discharge. The program includes chest physiotherapy techniques, early mobilization, postural exercises, and incentive spirometry training. The intervention is delivered once daily under physiotherapist supervision, and participants are instructed to continue prescribed breathing, incentive spirometry, and mobilization exercises independently during the afternoon and evening sessions.
The primary outcome measure is length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes include postoperative pain assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), dyspnea and fatigue assessed by Borg scale, oxygen saturation, hemodynamic parameters, and inflammatory and biochemical markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), albumin, prealbumin, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Clinical, physiological, and biochemical outcomes are assessed from the early postoperative period until hospital discharge. The study further aims to explore potential differences in treatment response between predefined age groups. No randomization or control group is included, as all participants receive the same structured physiotherapy intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Pulmonary Physiotherapy Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm receive a structured postoperative pulmonary physiotherapy program delivered by the research team during the hospital stay following lung cancer surgery. The program includes supervised chest physiotherapy, bronchial hygiene techniques, early mobilization, and postural exercises applied according to a standardized protocol. All participants receive the same intervention; no comparison group is included. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structured Postoperative Pulmonary Physiotherapy Program | Behavioral | The structured postoperative pulmonary physiotherapy program is delivered by the research team during the hospital stay following lung cancer surgery. The intervention is applied according to a standardized protocol and includes supervised chest physiotherapy techniques (deep breathing exercises, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance techniques, and incentive spirometry), early mobilization (progressive sitting, standing, and ambulation), and postural exercises. The program is administered once daily under physiotherapist supervision. In addition, participants are instructed to continue the prescribed breathing, incentive spirometry, and mobilization exercises independently during the afternoon and evening sessions. The intervention is initiated in the early postoperative period and continues until hospital discharge. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Length of Hospital Stay | Length of hospital stay is defined as the number of days from postoperative admission to the ward until hospital discharge following lung cancer surgery. | Postoperative period, from ward admission after surgery until hospital discharge (maximum 30 postoperative days) |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | Serum CRP levels (mg/L) will be measured to evaluate postoperative systemic inflammatory response. | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpOâ‚‚) | Peripheral oxygen saturation (%) will be measured using pulse oximetry to assess postoperative oxygenation status. | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) | NLR will be calculated from complete blood count parameters to assess systemic inflammatory status. | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Serum Albumin |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| AyÅŸe Sena Manzak Dursun, Assistant Professor | Bezmialem Vakif University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bezmialem Vakif University | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008175 | Lung Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012142 | Respiratory Tract Neoplasms |
| D013899 | Thoracic Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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This is a single-arm interventional study in which all participants receive the same structured postoperative pulmonary physiotherapy program delivered by the research team. No randomization or comparison group is included.
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No masking is applied in this study.
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Serum albumin levels (g/dL) will be measured to assess nutritional status.
| Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) will be recorded to assess postoperative hemodynamic response. | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) will be recorded to assess postoperative hemodynamic response. | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate (beats per minute) will be measured to evaluate cardiovascular response during the postoperative period. | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Dyspnea Severity | Dyspnea severity will be assessed using the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale (0-10), where 0 indicates "no breathlessness" and 10 indicates "maximal breathlessness." | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Fatigue Severity | Fatigue will be assessed using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (0-10), where higher scores indicate greater perceived fatigue. | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Incisional Pain Intensity | Incisional pain will be evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10), where 0 represents "no pain" and 10 represents "worst imaginable pain." | Postoperative Day 1 and at hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| D008171 |
| Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |