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This study aims to test the effectiveness of virtual reality-supported speech therapy in improving basic language skills in children aged 3 to 6 years diagnosed with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). Participants are randomly assigned to either traditional speech therapy or virtual reality-supported therapy, with the same frequency and duration of intervention. Language outcomes are assessed before and after treatment using the Language development level test (TVL), a standardized assessment of Italian for preschoolers. The study adopts a randomized controlled design with individualized, goal-oriented therapy delivered by certified speech-language pathologists.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VR-Supported Speech Therapy | Experimental | Children receive two 60-minute sessions per week for six months using the Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS). |
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| Traditional Speech Therapy | Active Comparator | Children receive the same therapy schedule and goals through conventional speech-language sessions using printed materials, games, and verbal interaction. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) | Device | The VRRS delivers personalized language therapy exercises via touchscreen interface. Activities target receptive language, repetition, naming, and spontaneous language production. All sessions are conducted by trained speech-language pathologists in accordance with standardized therapeutic protocols. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Language Development Level Test (TVL) | The Test of Verbalization and Language Development is a standardized tool designed to assess various aspects of language development, including verbal production, comprehension, sentence construction, phonological accuracy, and morphosyntactic abilities. The weighted score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating better language development. | Baseline and Month 3 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Griffiths III Scales | General cognitive development will be assessed using the Griffiths III Scales of Child Development. The Global Developmental Quotient, DQ, has a possible range from 50 to 150, with higher scores indicating better developmental and cognitive functioning. The DQ will be used as an index of overall cognitive functioning and as a potential moderator in the analysis of language outcomes. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francesca Cucinotta | Messina | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37628335 | Background | Cappadona I, Ielo A, La Fauci M, Tresoldi M, Settimo C, De Cola MC, Muratore R, De Domenico C, Di Cara M, Corallo F, Tripodi E, Impallomeni C, Quartarone A, Cucinotta F. Feasibility and Effectiveness of Speech Intervention Implemented with a Virtual Reality System in Children with Developmental Language Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial. Children (Basel). 2023 Aug 1;10(8):1336. doi: 10.3390/children10081336. | |
| 25938137 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007805 | Language Development Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007806 | Language Disorders |
| D003147 | Communication Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| Taditional Speech Therapy | Behavioral | Standard speech-language therapy delivered in-person by certified therapists, targeting the same language domains with paper-based and interactive materials. |
|
| Baseline |
| Background |
| van Vuuren S, Cherney LR. A Virtual Therapist for Speech and Language Therapy. Intell Virtual Agents. 2014 Jan 1;8637:438-448. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-09767-1_55. |
| 42346830 | Derived | De Domenico C, La Fauci M, Mancuso N, Caputo M, Di Cara M, Piccolo A, Fulgenzi A, Borzelli D, Impallomeni C, Tripodi E, Calabro RS, Quartarone A, Cucinotta F. Virtual Reality-Supported Speech Therapy in Children with Developmental Language Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Sci (Basel). 2026 Jun 5;14(2):291. doi: 10.3390/medsci14020291. |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |