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This randomized clinical trial aims to determine the effects of targeted isometric and isotonic hand strengthening exercises on hand function, dexterity, grip strength and grip endurance in competitive female badminton athletes aged 18-30 years. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups receiving either isometric or isotonic hand strengthening exercise programs performed three times per week for six weeks. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th week using Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), Purdue Pegboard Test or Nine-Hole Peg Test, Hand Dynamometer Test and Sustained Grip Test.
This randomized clinical trial aims to determine the effects of targeted isometric and isotonic hand strengthening exercises on hand function, dexterity, grip strength and grip endurance in competitive female badminton athletes aged 18-30 years. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups receiving either isometric or isotonic hand strengthening exercise programs performed three times per week for six weeks. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th week using Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), Purdue Pegboard Test or Nine-Hole Peg Test, Hand Dynamometer Test and Sustained Grip Test.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isometric Hand Strengthening Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive a structured targeted isometric hand strengthening program performed three sessions per week for six weeks including: Palm Press Hold Fingertip Pinch Hold Tip-to-Tip Finger Press Finger Abduction Hold Ball Grip Hold Each exercise will be performed in 3 sets with progressive hold durations ranging from 5 to 20 seconds across the intervention period. |
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| Isotonic Hand Strengthening Group | Active Comparator | Participants in this group will receive a structured isotonic hand strengthening program performed three sessions per week for six weeks including: Stress Ball Squeeze Rubber Band Finger Extension Putty Squeeze Towel Twist Finger Spread Exercises Exercises will be performed in 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions with progressive training duration ranging from 10 to 25 minutes per session. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isometric hand strengthening program | Other | Participants in this group will receive a structured targeted isometric hand strengthening program performed three sessions per week for six weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hand Dexterity | Hand dexterity will be assessed using the Purdue Pegboard Test / Nine-Hole Peg Test to evaluate fine motor coordination and manual dexterity required for sport-specific hand movements. | Baseline, Week 3, Week 6 |
| Grip Strength | Grip strength will be measured using a calibrated hand dynamometer to assess maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the dominant hand. | Baseline, Week 3, Week 6 |
| Grip Endurance | Grip endurance will be assessed using the Sustained Grip Strength Test by measuring the duration for which participants can maintain 50% of their maximal voluntary contraction. | Baseline, Week 3, Week 6 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danish Hassan, PhD | Contact | +92 345 7946009 | +923457946009 | danish.hassan009@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Danish Hassan, PhD | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Punjab Sports Board | Recruiting | Lahore | Punjab Province | 547000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36737818 | Background | Hidayat Y, Yudiana Y, Hambali B, Sultoni K, Ustun UD, Singnoy C. The effect of the combined self-talk and mental imagery program on the badminton motor skills and self-confidence of youth beginner student-athletes. BMC Psychol. 2023 Feb 3;11(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01073-x. | |
| 40761462 | Background | Karaoglu B, Ceviz E, Unver S, Ciftci I, Demir GT, Guvendi B, Bulgay C, Alpay M, Ihasz F, Zoltan A, Kovacsik R, Somogyi A, Szabo A. Association between hand grip strength and exercise addiction: differences by sport category and sex among elite athletes. Front Psychol. 2025 Jul 21;16:1597239. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1597239. eCollection 2025. |
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| Isotonic hand strengthening program | Other | Participants in this group will receive a structured isotonic hand strengthening program performed three sessions per week for six weeks |
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| 38865415 | Background | Ma S, Soh KG, Japar SB, Liu C, Luo S, Mai Y, Wang X, Zhai M. Effect of core strength training on the badminton player's performance: A systematic review & meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2024 Jun 12;19(6):e0305116. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305116. eCollection 2024. |
| 38180964 | Background | Liu Y, Abdullah BB, Abu Saad HB. Effects of high-intensity interval training on strength, speed, and endurance performance among racket sports players: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2024 Jan 5;19(1):e0295362. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295362. eCollection 2024. |
| 40075111 | Background | Ma S. Investigating the increase in the specialized performance of athletes using artificial neural network (ANN) exercises. Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 12;15(1):8600. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86522-w. |
| 33987438 | Background | Zhao W, Wang C, Bi Y, Chen L. Effect of Integrative Neuromuscular Training for Injury Prevention and Sports Performance of Female Badminton Players. Biomed Res Int. 2021 Apr 23;2021:5555853. doi: 10.1155/2021/5555853. eCollection 2021. |