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The study was conducted to determine the effects of primal reflex release technique on pain, range of motion and quality of life in post colonoscopy coccydynia
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primal reflex release technique | Experimental | Primal Reflex Release Techniques (3 sets of 10 repetitions) that includes the initial assessment to evaluate pain and Rom . PRRT techniques of coccygeal area and pelvic (10-15 minutes) And post treatment evaluation to reassess. |
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| Standardized Physiotherapy Treatment | Other | Standardized Physiotherapy treatment was included hot pack for 10 minutes, Hip flexors and pelvic muscles stretching for 3 times with 30 seconds and core stability exercises of pelvic tilts and bridges for 2 sets of 10 seconds. Both groups came thrice per week for a total of 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment values of both groups were analyzed. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primal Reflex Release Technique | Other | Primal Reflex Release Techniques (3 sets of 10 repetitions) that includes the initial assessment to evaluate pain and Rom. PRRT techniques of coccygeal area and pelvic (10-15 minutes) And post treatment evaluation to reassess. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Pain Rate Scale (NPRS) | Patient's pain was summarized using numerical scale. It has numbers from 0 to 10. Where 0 is equal to "no pain" and 10 is equal to "worst pain". This scale has high test-retest reliability of r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. | From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months |
| Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) | Manual muscle testing was used to assess muscle strength. Which can be scored using a 0-10 points using Kendal 10-point muscle strength scale. MMT is the most commonly used method for documenting impairments in muscle strength in both spine and periphery with a kappa value 0.88. | From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shanza Mahmood, MS-OMPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riphah international university | Lahore | Punjab Province | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Iams JJAPTRM. When reflexes rule: A new paradigm in understanding why some patients don't get well. 2005;16(3):41. | ||
| Background | Bertoti DBJ. Functional neurorehabilitation: through the life span. 2004. | ||
| 16915077 | Background | Maigne JY, Chatellier G, Faou ML, Archambeau M. The treatment of chronic coccydynia with intrarectal manipulation: a randomized controlled study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Aug 15;31(18):E621-7. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000231895.72380.64. | |
| 23212432 |
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A total of 46 patients were assessed for eligibility criteria by using non-probability consecutive random sampling technique. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A and Group B. Both groups received standardized as common treatment. Group A received PRRT of coccygeal area and pelvic for three times per week for a total of four weeks. Group B received standardized physiotherapy treatment three times per week for four weeks.
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| Standardized Physiotherapy Treatment | Other | Standardized Physiotherapy treatment was included hot pack for 10 minutes, Hip flexors and pelvic muscles stretching for 3 times with 30 seconds and core stability exercises of pelvic tilts and bridges for 2 sets of 10 seconds. Both groups came thrice per week for a total of 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment values of both groups were analyzed. |
|
| Background |
| Emerson SS, Speece AJ 3rd. Manipulation of the coccyx with anesthesia for the management of coccydynia. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012 Dec;112(12):805-7. |
| 37266613 | Background | Izci EK, Keskin F. Coccygectomy for coccygodynia: A single-center experience. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 2;102(22):e33606. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033606. |
| 21597433 | Background | Maigne JY, Pigeau I, Aguer N, Doursounian L, Chatellier G. Chronic coccydynia in adolescents. A series of 53 patients. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2011 Jun;47(2):245-51. |
| 14753797 | Background | Fogel GR, Cunningham PY 3rd, Esses SI. Coccygodynia: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004 Jan-Feb;12(1):49-54. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200401000-00007. |
| 16394915 | Background | Pennekamp PH, Kraft CN, Stutz A, Wallny T, Schmitt O, Diedrich O. Coccygectomy for coccygodynia: does pathogenesis matter? J Trauma. 2005 Dec;59(6):1414-9. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000195878.50928.3c. |
| 15399361 | Background | SCHAPIRO S. Low back and rectal pain from an orthopedic and proctologic viewpoint; with a review of 180 cases. Am J Surg. 1950 Jan;79(1):117-28, illust. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(50)90202-9. No abstract available. |
| 24688338 | Background | Lirette LS, Chaiban G, Tolba R, Eissa H. Coccydynia: an overview of the anatomy, etiology, and treatment of coccyx pain. Ochsner J. 2014 Spring;14(1):84-7. |