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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | OTHER |
| Istinye University | OTHER |
| Atlas University | OTHER |
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This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) in patients with acute stroke. The study has a methodological, observational, and cross-sectional design. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) recordings will be scored independently by trained raters using the BRS. Psychometric properties including construct validity, criterion validity, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability will be analyzed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Stroke Patients | This cohort consists of patients with acute stroke who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) as part of routine clinical evaluation. Swallowing function was assessed using the Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) for the purpose of validity and reliability analysis. No intervention was applied, and no changes were made to standard clinical care. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention (observational study) | Other | This study does not involve any therapeutic, behavioral, or procedural intervention. All assessments were performed as part of routine clinical care, and no changes were made to standard treatment or clinical management. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) | The Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) Turkish version is a videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment tool used to evaluate the severity of pharyngeal residue following swallowing. The scale consists of six ordinal levels, ranging from Grade 1 (no residue) to Grade 6 (severe residue) based on the presence and extent of bolus residue in the pharynx. Higher scores indicate greater pharyngeal residue severity and poorer swallowing efficiency. | Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Swallowing Safety Assessed by the Penetration-Aspiration Scale | The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) is an 8-point ordinal scale used during videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment to evaluate the severity of airway invasion. The scale ranges from Score 1 (material does not enter the airway) to Score 8 (material enters the airway, passes below the vocal folds, and no effort is made to eject it). Higher scores indicate more severe penetration or aspiration and poorer airway protection during swallowing. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consisted of adult patients with acute stroke who were referred for videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) as part of routine clinical care. All participants underwent swallowing assessment using standardized residue and swallowing scales. No intervention was applied, and all evaluations were conducted within standard clinical practice.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Arel University | Istanbul | Zeytinburnu | 34015 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37138140 | Background | Soyer T, Arslan SS, Pisiren B, Boybeyi O, Yalcin E, Demir N. The Role of Bolus Residue and Its Relation with Respiratory Problems in Children with Esophageal Atresia. Dysphagia. 2023 Dec;38(6):1546-1550. doi: 10.1007/s00455-023-10582-1. Epub 2023 May 3. | |
| 26640491 | Result | Rommel N, Borgers C, Van Beckevoort D, Goeleven A, Dejaeger E, Omari TI. Bolus Residue Scale: An Easy-to-Use and Reliable Videofluoroscopic Analysis Tool to Score Bolus Residue in Patients with Dysphagia. Int J Otolaryngol. 2015;2015:780197. doi: 10.1155/2015/780197. Epub 2015 Nov 12. |
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Individual participant data will not be shared due to ethical restrictions and data protection regulations. The data are collected as part of routine clinical care and include sensitive health information, and no consent for public data sharing has been obtained from participants.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003680 | Deglutition Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004935 | Esophageal Diseases |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D010608 | Pharyngeal Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019370 | Observation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008722 | Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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| Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) |
| Pharyngeal Residue Assessed by the Yale Residue Scale | The Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS) is a 5-point ordinal scale used to quantify the severity of pharyngeal residue during videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Residue severity is rated separately for the valleculae and pyriform sinuses, with scores ranging from 0 (no residue) to 4 (severe residue) based on the amount of bolus residue remaining after swallowing. Higher scores indicate greater pharyngeal residue and more severe swallowing impairment. | Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) |
| Functional Oral Intake Assessment | The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a 7-level ordinal scale used to classify an individual's level of oral intake in patients with dysphagia. The scale ranges from Level 1 (nothing by mouth) to Level 7 (total oral diet with no restrictions), reflecting the degree of functional oral intake. Higher FOIS levels indicate better oral intake ability and improved swallowing function. | Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |