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This prospective cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the association between serum endocan, alarin, and galanin-like peptide levels and the stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), as well as their relationship with optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings.
A total of 120 participants will be included: 30 patients without diabetic retinopathy, 30 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 30 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 30 healthy control subjects. In addition to routine preoperative blood sampling, an additional 5 mL of venous blood will be collected for biomarker analysis using ELISA. Macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer measurements will be obtained using OCT. Serum biomarker levels will be compared across DR stages and analyzed for correlation with OCT parameters.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Mellitus Without Retinopathy | Other | Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus without clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Participants will undergo OCT examination and additional venous blood sampling for biomarker analysis. |
|
| Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) | Other | Patients with clinically diagnosed non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy who will undergo OCT examination and additional venous blood sampling for serum biomarker measurement. |
|
| Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) | Other | Patients with clinically diagnosed proliferative diabetic retinopathy who will undergo OCT examination and additional venous blood sampling for serum biomarker analysis. |
|
| Healthy Control Group | Other | Age-matched control participants without diabetes or retinal pathology who will undergo OCT examination and venous blood sampling for comparative biomarker evaluation. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venous Blood Sampling | Procedure | Collection of 5 mL of venous blood in addition to routine preoperative sampling for the measurement of serum endocan, alarin, and galanin-like peptide levels using ELISA. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum Endocan Level | Serum endocan concentration measured using ELISA and compared across diabetic retinopathy stages. | At baseline (preoperative blood sampling) |
| Serum Alarin Level | Serum alarin concentration measured by ELISA and analyzed according to diabetic retinopathy severity. | At baseline |
| Serum Galanin-Like Peptide Level | Serum galanin-like peptide concentration measured using ELISA and compared between study groups. | At baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fethi Sekin City Hospital | Elâzığ | Elaziğ | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003930 | Diabetic Retinopathy |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012164 | Retinal Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D003925 | Diabetic Angiopathies |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001800 | Blood Specimen Collection |
| D041623 | Tomography, Optical Coherence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013048 | Specimen Handling |
| D019411 | Clinical Laboratory Techniques |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) | Procedure | Non-invasive optical coherence tomography imaging of the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer using a Canon OCT device for structural retinal assessment. |
|
| D002318 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D048909 | Diabetes Complications |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D011677 | Punctures |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D041622 | Tomography, Optical |
| D061848 | Optical Imaging |
| D003952 | Diagnostic Imaging |
| D014054 | Tomography |