Evaluation of Implant Stability Following Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Through Piezoelectric Trans-crestal Approach Versus Crestal Implant Approach

Evaluation of Implant Stability Following Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Through Piezoelectric Trans-crestal Approach Versus Crestal Implant Approach: A 1-year Randomized Clinical Trial

Rehabilitation of the maxillary posterior region is a challenge in every-day clinical practice. Following extraction of maxillary molars, alveolar ridge atrophy along with maxillary sinus pneumatization decrease the bone volume and increase implant placement complexity (Lyu et al., 2023). Several surgical procedures have been proposed to overcome these complications, including; short implants (Bechara et al., 2017), tilted implants (Meng and Zhang, 2022) as well as different sinus floor elevation techniques (Irinakis, 2011, Bishbish et al., 2023, Dragonas et al., 2023). Crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation has been considered a predictable and less invasive approach, providing sufficient vertical ridge height with high rates of implant survival (Guruprasad et al., 2024). However, there's limited body of evidence comparing the efficacy of different trans-crestal approaches as PISE and crestal implant approach with no bone graft. Thus, further clinical trials are recommended to determine whether the adjunctive use of piezoelectric instrumentation in internal sinus elevation offers significant clinical advantages over the crestal implant approach.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical long term implant stability and radiographic vertical bone height gain after implant placement in posterior maxilla using crestal implant approach in comparison to PISE.

Hypothesis:

Research Null hypothesis: There will be no difference between implants placed with crestal implant approach and PISE, regarding long term implant stability and radiographic bone height gain.

The primary objective:

• To compare the implant stability quotient (ISQ) between the two treatment modalities, will be assessed by resonance frequency analysis using "Osstell" (Integration Diagnostics, Save Dalen, Sweden)

The secondary objectives:

• To assess intra-sinus vertical bone gain around dental implants, in mm, will be assessed by CBCT.
• To assess marginal bone level, in mm
• To assess peri-implant soft tissue parameters by modified plaque and bleeding indices.
• To evaluate post-operative pain.
• To assess any surgical or post-surgical complications.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have at least one missing posterior maxillary tooth with sound adjacent and opposing dentition.
• Adults above the age of 21.
• Bone height from 4mm to 6mm under the maxillary sinus assessed in CBCT.
• Good oral hygiene.
• Patient accepts to provide an informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smokers.
• Pregnant and lactating females.
• Medically compromised patients.
• Patients with untreated active periodontal diseases.
• Patients with active infection related to the implant site.
• Patients with parafunctional habits.
• Patients with Acute or chronic sinusitis.
• Presence of sinus septa
• History of radiotherapy or chemotherapy within the past 2 years