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The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two methods of treating bad breath. Patients are enrolled in the study based on an objective test using the Oral Chroma Device, which measures the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds in exhaled air, which are responsible for bad breath. Before the test begins, a sample will also be taken from the tongue to determine the total number of microorganisms. Patients are then randomly assigned to two groups.
Control group: Cleaning the tongue with a tongue scraper and rinsing the mouth with an antiseptic mouthwash.
Intervention group: Cleaning the tongue with a tongue scraper and antibacterial laser therapy on the tongue.
Then, all study participants will undergo a procedure to clean tartar from all their teeth.
Questions to be answered by the study: Will there be a decrease in the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds in exhaled air after treatment? Will the treatment results obtained after laser therapy be better compared to the classic method of treating bad breath? Cleaning procedures within the tongue will be performed at the beginning, then repeated after one week, two weeks, and 3 months from the baseline.
After each stage, the concentration of substances in exhaled air that are responsible for bad breath will be measured. Samples will be taken from the tongue to determine the total number of microorganisms before the first tongue cleaning, and then after 2 weeks from the intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Photodynamic therapy | Experimental |
| |
| Rinsing the mouth | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tongue scraper and oral rinse treatment | Procedure | The procedure involves treating the tongue with a tongue scraper and rinsing the mouth with a chlorhexidine solution. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total number of microorganisms | Swab samples were collected from the dorsum of the tongue (posterior third). The material collected from the tongue was inoculated separately onto the Rodac ConTact Test to determine the total number of microorganisms. | At the baseline, 2 weeks after the baseline |
| Values of concentration of VSCs (volatile sulfur compounds) in exhaled air | Values of concentration of VSCs above 112 ppb (1.5 ng/10 mL) were indicators of halitosis. | at the baseline, one week after the baseline, two weeks after the baseline,3 months after the baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
The study excluded patients with a history of the following diseases:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases | Zabrze | Silesian Voivodeship | 41-800 | Poland |
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Group 1 (control): cleaning the tongue with a tongue scraper and rinsing the mouth with an antiseptic mouthwash with chlorheksidine Group two (intervention): cleaning the tongue with a tongue scraper and aPDT (photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue)
The intervention will be performed at the beginning, then repeated after 1 week, two weeks, and 3 months.
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| Tongue scraper and aPDT (photodynamic therapy) | Procedure | The procedure involves treatment with a tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue using a diode laser. |
|
| full mouth scaling | Procedure | removal of tartar deposits within both dental arches |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006209 | Halitosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010778 | Photochemotherapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003131 | Combined Modality Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D004358 | Drug Therapy |
| D010789 | Phototherapy |
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