Predictors of Physical Improvement in Frail Hospitalized Elders After Nutrition and Exercise

An Exploratory Analysis of a Frailty Management Program: Identifying Characteristics Associated With Improved Physical Performance Following a Combined Nutrition and Exercise Intervention in Hospitalized Frail Older Adults

This study aims to evaluate whether a 12-week program combining oral nutritional supplements (ONS) with resistance exercises can improve nutritional status, muscle strength, and physical mobility in hospitalized older adults with frailty. The investigators will enroll about 120 frail older inpatients in a single-group design. All participants will receive 90 grams of ONS daily and undergo supervised resistance training five times per week for 12 weeks. Nutrition, physical function, and frailty levels will be assessed before and after the intervention. Baseline characteristics will be examined as potential predictors of intervention response.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age≥65 years
2. Ability to understand and communicate in Chinese
3. Sufficient hearing and vision to complete assessments
4. Ability to walk independently or with assistive devices

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases
2. Terminal illnesses
3. Severe cognitive impairment (determined by the ward's doctor and physiotherapists).