This study investigates the prognostic value of macular neovascularization (MNV) subtypes in patients treated with pneumatic displacement for submacular hemorrhage. The researchers will compare anatomical and functional outcomes (visual acuity) between PCV, RAP, and other MNV forms within a Caucasian cohort to identify subtype-specific predictors of recovery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing pneumatic displacement (PD) for submacular hemorrhage (SMH), secondary to macular neovascularization (MNV)
• Age 50 years or older at the time of SMH diagnosis
• Caucasian ethnicity
• SMH involving the central or internal ring of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid (within a 3 mm circumference centered on the fovea)
• SMH dimensions equal to or greater than one papillary diameter
• Pneumatic displacement treatment performed within 36 hours of SMH diagnosis

Exclusion Criteria:

• SMH estimated to be present for more than 15 days at the time of diagnosis
• SMH secondary to conditions other than MNV
• Presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the study eye
• Aphakia in the study eye
• Inadequate pupillary dilation, media opacities, or other impediments to retinal imaging
• Previous pneumatic displacement procedures for SMH in the study eye
• Ocular surgery in the 8 weeks preceding the pneumatic displacement intervention
• Follow-up duration of less than 6 months following the procedure

The study population consists of Caucasian patients, aged 50 years or older, diagnosed with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to macular neovascularization (MNV). All participants underwent pneumatic displacement treatment at the Multizonal Ophthalmology Unit of the Provincial Agency for Healthcare Services (APSS) in Trento and Rovereto, Italy, between December 1, 2016, and May 31, 2023.