α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase Levels in Panic Disorder

α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase Levels in Panic Disorder: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

This prospective observational cohort study investigated serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in drug-naïve patients with Panic Disorder (PD) at baseline and after six weeks of follow-up and compared them with healthy controls (HC). Associations between enzyme levels, symptom severity, and inflammatory markers were examined. The study aimed to evaluate whether α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels are associated with PD symptom severity and inflammatory parameters.

Panic Disorder (PD) is associated with increased inflammatory markers. α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase mediates deglycosylation of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc protein), affecting macrophage activation and immune regulation. Its role in anxiety disorders has not been previously examined.

Thirty-three drug-naïve patients with PD and 33 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Patients with PD were evaluated at baseline and after six weeks of standard clinical treatment. Serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels were measured using ELISA. DSM-5 Panic Disorder Scale (PDS) scores and complete blood count inflammatory parameters were recorded.

No intervention was assigned as part of the research protocol. Participants received routine clinical care.

1. For Panic Disorder (PD) Group:

   • Inclusion Criteria:

     • Age ≥18 years and <65 years
     • Diagnosis of PD according to DSM-5-TR
     • Drug-naïve at baseline

   • Exclusion Criteria:

     • Age <18 years and >65 years
     • Any psychiatric diagnosis other than PD
     • Active alcohol or substance use disorder
     • Significant medical illness
     • Incomplete follow-up

2. For Healthy Control (HC) Group:

   • Inclusion Criteria:

     • Age ≥18 years and <65 years

   • Exclusion Criteria:

     • Age <18 years and >65 years
     • Any psychiatric diagnosis
     • Active alcohol or substance use disorder
     • Significant medical illness