Comparison of the Clinical and Sonographic Outcomes of NMES and EMG Biofeedback Therapies in Stroke Patients With Glenohumeral Subluxation: Randomized Clinical Trial
Comparison of the Clinical and Sonographic Outcomes of NMES and EMG Biofeedback Therapies in Stroke Patients With Glenohumeral Subluxation: Randomized Clinical Trial
The aim of this single-blind randomized controlled trial is to compare the effects of two therapies-neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback-in stroke patients with shoulder (glenohumeral) subluxation.
The study will evaluate changes in shoulder structure and function by measuring the acromion-greater tuberosity distance, supraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscle thickness, shoulder range of motion, and Brunnstrom stage of the upper extremity and hand. Clinical outcomes such as shoulder pain, stroke-specific quality of life, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) will also be assessed.
This trial is designed to provide evidence on which therapy may be more effective for improving shoulder stability, reducing pain, and enhancing quality of life in stroke survivors with shoulder subluxation.
Shoulder (glenohumeral) subluxation is a common complication after stroke and is associated with pain, impaired upper limb function, and decreased quality of life. Despite the availability of different rehabilitation methods, there is still no clear consensus on the most effective approach for managing post-stroke shoulder subluxation.
The aim of this single-blind, randomized controlled trial is to compare the effects of two electrotherapeutic interventions-neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback-on both structural and functional outcomes in stroke patients with glenohumeral subluxation.
Participants will be randomly assigned to either the NMES group or the EMG biofeedback group, in addition to receiving standard rehabilitation. The study will evaluate structural outcomes using ultrasonographic measures, including the acromion-greater tuberosity distance and supraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscle thickness. Functional outcomes will include shoulder range of motion and Brunnstrom stages of the upper extremity and hand. Clinical outcomes will be assessed using pain scores, the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).
This trial is expected to provide evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of NMES and EMG biofeedback in improving shoulder stability, reducing pain, and enhancing functional recovery and quality of life in stroke survivors with shoulder subluxation.
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