The purpose of this prospective observational clinical cohort study is to develop a scientifically based approach to the prediction and early diagnosis of intestinal dysfunction in cardiac surgery patients.

The main questions that the study should answer:

What are the main risk factors for the development of intestinal dysfunction? What specific and non-specific biomarkers can predict the development of intestinal dysfunction? The study participants will be monitored from the moment of hospitalization until the end of their stay in a medical facility

Despite the low incidence rate from 1% to 2.5%, acute intestinal dysfunction is the cause or key link in the development and progression of multiorgan dysfunction and sepsis, which, in turn, contributes to an increase in the length of hospital stay, the need for additional diagnostic and/or therapeutic interventions, including surgical, and is also associated with high mortality (Mishra et al. 2021, Shvartsova et al. 2024).

Acute intestinal dysfunction is understood as combined disorders of the motor, secretory, digesting, absorption and barrier functions of the intestine, leading to the upward contamination of conditionally pathogenic microbiota from the distal to the proximal sections, the development of uncontrolled translocation of microbes and their metabolites into the blood, which leads to the shutdown of the small intestine from the interstitial metabolism, creates the prerequisites for irreversible disorders of the main indicators homeostasis (Machulina I.A., Shestopalov A.E., Evdokimov E.A. 2020, Popova T.S., Tamazashvili T.S., Shestopalova A.E. 1991).

A feature of acute intestinal dysfunction is an extremely nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings and the absence of widely available organ-specific markers. These reasons do not allow the development of complications to be detected early enough. Currently, most of the literature data is devoted mainly to the statistical description of the incidence, type of abdominal complications and outcome in patients with cardiac surgery. Acute intestinal dysfunction is not included in the list of organ systems tested to determine the severity of organ dysfunctions.

SOFA due to the lack of a reliable diagnostic tool. Measurement data of intra-abdominal pressure, peristalsis activity, and volume of gastric contents in gastrostasis are most often used to monitor intestinal dysfunction.

.The present study aims to explore the possibilities of verification of intestinal dysfunction by combining test results on specific and non-specific scales and dynamics of the level of molecular biomarkers; and to offer a tool for forecasting and early diagnosis

Inclusion Criteria:

• Surgery on the heart and main vessels with a high risk of developing gastrointestinal dysfunction (according to literature data and our own retrospective study);
• Patient's consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient's refusal to participate in the study;
• HIV infection in the patient;
• Immunosuppressive therapy;
• Oncological disease;

For a request, we are ready to consider the possibility