Adequate humidification is essential for intubated patients because dry medical gases can cause thick secretions and dangerous endotracheal tube blockages. A clear correlation exists between exhaled and inhaled humidity delivered by heat and moisture exchanger. The objective of this study is to measure the temperature of exhaled gases in intubated patients in order to accurately calculate the absolute humidity during the expiratory phase. These data will allow for a more accurate reproduction of real clinical conditions during bench testing and will improve the assessment of heat and moisture exchanger performance device evaluation.

Previous clinical studies suggest that real expiratory humidity in intubated patients is close to 35 mg H₂O/L, with expiratory temperatures around 32-33 °C or slightly lower. However, data are limited, heterogeneous, and often derived from anesthetized patients. Therefore, accurate measurement of expiratory temperature in intensive care patients under normothermia and across varying body temperatures is necessary to define realistic simulation standards and ensure reliable heat and moisture exchanger performance evaluation on a bench. A relationship between expiratory gases temperature and expiratory humidity exist.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults (≥18 years)
• Intubated and mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unite
• Using passive humidification (Heat and Moisture exchanger)

Exclusion Criteria:

• PEEP set < 12 cmH₂O
• Inhaled nitric oxide therapy
• Tracheostomy

Intubated patient using a heater and moist exchanger