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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. Dz. nr 8/IVSIV/W/24 | Registry Identifier | JUDOASD/PA/PSY |
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Physical fitness and psychological indicators are key factors in healthy development. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to have lower levels of physical fitness and mental health than their neurotypical peers. This study examined the effects of 10 months of judo training on physical fitness and psychological indicators in children and adolescents with ASD and neurotypical individuals training in integrated groups. Ninety children and adolescents aged 7-14, with and without ASD, participated in the study. Physical fitness was measured using the EUROFIT test, and psychological indicators were measured using the Staic psychological test and the Juczyński questionnaire.
The aim of the study is to analyze changes in the physical fitness levels of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and generalized self-efficacy, state anxiety, and trait anxiety before, during, and after judo training. In the initial phase, judo training combines fun and active play activities that contribute to the development of psychosocial behaviors, peer interaction, and the acquisition of new motor skills, thus increasing participants' functional abilities.
In the second phase, participants will refine exercises related to general physical fitness and basic judo techniques, and will be instructed in targeted judo exercises. Additionally, paired exercises will be introduced to gradually increase communication skills and observe participants and their behaviors.
In the final, third phase, participants will continue to develop their general physical fitness, but the focus will be on targeted judo exercises. The number of paired exercises will be increased to enhance social communication.
During the project, training sessions will be conducted twice a week for 10 months. The training process will be implemented during the school year to facilitate adaptation to the educational realities in Poland. The aim of the project is to analyze changes in physical fitness during judo training in children and adolescents with ASD, training in an inclusive group with neurotypical individuals.
During the research project, physical fitness will be assessed before, during, and after judo training using the EUROFIT test battery, and psychological indicators will be assessed before and after the judo training program. This research project will enable the assessment of changes in physical fitness and effective functioning in inclusive groups of individuals with ASD and neurotypical individuals.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASD | Experimental |
| |
| non-ASD | Other | Non-ASD children training judo in integration groups with children with ASD |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Judo training for people with ASD - training in integration groups with non-ASD people | Combination Product | This is the first long-term (10-month) intervention conducted in integrated settings, where individuals with ASD train in judo alongside their non-ASD peers. This intervention will examine changes in physical fitness levels (general and specific), self-efficacy, and trait and state anxiety among the participants. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The European Physical Fitness Test - EUROFIT | The European Physical Fitness Test (EUROFIT) was used to measure the level of physical fitness. The EUROFIT test was used to measure the level of balance (Flamingo Balance Test), hand movement speed (Tapping Test), explosive power (Standing Long Jump), flexibility (Sit and Reach Test), static strength (Handgrip Dynamometry), trunk strength (Sit-Up Test), functional strength (Flexed-Arm Hang) and agility endurance (10 x 5 m Shuttle Run). The results obtained by the subjects in each term were converted into points, adjusted to the age and gender of the subjects, in accordance with the scoring tables developed for Polish children and adolescents. The better the score obtained by the examined person in relation to the age, the higher level of physical fitness was demonstrated. Depending on the physical fitness test, points ranging from 1 to 100 could be obtained. | 10 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| State and Trait Anxiety | Trait anxiety and state anxiety were measured using the Polish adaptation of the STAI-C psychological test, this tool has two scales: C-1 (state anxiety), which assesses anxiety as a temporary and situationally determined individual state, and C-2 (trait anxiety), which assesses anxiety as a relatively stable personality trait. The C-1 test contained 20 questions, to which participants responded on a three-point scale, where 1 meant "Yes," 2 - "Rarely yes," and 3 - "No." The state anxiety questionnaire contained 11 reverse-scored questions. The test result was the sum of points from all questions. The C-2 test contained 20 questions, to which participants responded on a three-point scale, where 1 meant "Rarely," 2 - "Sometimes," and 3 - "Often." The result of this test was the sum of points obtained from all questions. The higher the score, the higher the level of trait and state anxiety. Both STAIC scales contain 20 point items on a three-point scale, maximum 60, minimum 20 points |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Group non-ASD: Male and female participants aged 7-14 years without ASD, intellectual disability and without impairments in language functioning.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Poznaniu | Poznan | Poznań | 61-871 | Poland |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 9, 2024 |
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| 10 months |
| General self-efficacy scale | Self-efficacy was measured using the Generalized Self-Efficacy Test (GSES), adapted from Polish by Z. Juczyński. This test measures the strength of an individual's general belief in their ability to cope effectively with difficult situations and obstacles. It consists of 10 questions, to which participants responded using a four-point Likiert scale, where 1 means "no," 2 means "probably not," 3 means "probably yes," and 4 means "yes." The higher the score, the higher their self-efficacy. Maximum points 40, minimum points 10 | 10 months |
| Feb 6, 2026 |
| Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | May 9, 2024 | Feb 6, 2026 | ICF_001.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D001321 | Autistic Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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