Isometric Strength and Joint Mobility Profile in Elite Artistic Swimmers Across Competitive Categories

General Assessment of Strength and Mobility in Artistic Swimmers of the Spanish Swimming Federation

This cross-sectional observational study aims to establish reference values for joint mobility and isometric muscle strength in elite artistic swimmers across different competitive categories. The study will analyze inter-limb asymmetries and agonist-antagonist strength ratios in upper and lower limbs. Additionally, relationships between isometric strength, countermovement jump performance, and handgrip strength will be explored to assess their utility as functional performance indicators. Participants will be assessed during national team training camps using standardized, validated measurement protocols. The findings are expected to contribute to the identification of sport-specific functional profiles and potential injury risk factors in artistic swimming.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Elite artistic swimmers selected for the Spanish National Artistic Swimming Team (Infant, Junior, or Senior categories).
• Age consistent with the competitive category: Infant 14-16 years, Junior 16-18 years, Senior ≥18 years.
• Attendance at the national team training camp where the assessments are performed.
• Voluntary participation with written informed consent (and assent/parental or legal guardian consent for minors).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Acute musculoskeletal or joint injury affecting the tested regions (shoulder, hip, elbow, knee) at the time of assessment.
• Chronic, previous, or any other condition that may limit participation or bias the measurements.
• Inability to attend the assessment session(s) during the training camp.