Based on the follow-up data of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing liver transplantation from the China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, patients who met the inclusion criteria were assessed for tumor response, post-transplant tumor recurrence, and survival rates. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate patient prognosis and to identify risk factors affecting outcomes.

A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2015 and December 2024. Clinical data including demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, detailed history of pre-transplant antitumor therapy, perioperative laboratory parameters, surgical details, and pathological findings were collected from the hospital's prospective clinical database. Based on follow-up records, patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for tumor response, post-transplant tumor recurrence and overall survival. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess postoperative prognosis and to identify risk factors associated with clinical outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 years and ≤ 75 years;
2. HCC diagnosis confirmed through imaging and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP);
3. Underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
4. Underwent primary (first-time) liver transplantation.
5. Availability of complete clinical and follow-up data for analysis.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. age <18 years or >75 years;
2. living-donor liver transplantation or re-transplantation;
3. concurrent active malignancy other than HCC;
4. incomplete key baseline data or follow-up information.

Adult patients (age 18 or older) who underwent LT using grafts from deceased donors between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2024, were retrospectively identified using the China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) and clinical data in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University

The study was based on database from the The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University and the Chinese Liver Transplant Registry, researchers did not have access to patients' information nor raw data unless approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University.