Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFUS) has the potential to be used as a means of non-invasive neuro-modulation. To this day, the use of LIFUS is under investigation. Studies in healthy subjects have shown that application of LIFUS to the motor region of the brain can mildly decrease neuron excitability in healthy controls. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of LIFUS on brain tissue excitability in patients with movement disorders in order to elucidate the therapeutic potential of LIFUS.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-85 years of age
• Patients diagnosed with neurological disorders, (such as epilepsy, brain tumour, movement disorders) or psychiatric disorders (such as substance abuse disorder)
• Patients undergoing medical or surgical treatment (such as DBS) for neurological disorders

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of stroke
• Comorbid dementia
• Scored below 22 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
• Has an implanted cardiac pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
• Presence of metal implanted in body that is contraindicated in TMS/MRI
• Pregnancy
• Major depression/psychiatric disorder that in the opinion of the Investigator will affect patient's understanding of study procedures and willingness to abide by all procedures during the course of the study
• Receiving a psychotropic medication or taking recreational substances that in the opinion of the investigator will significantly affect safety of the protocol
• Major systemic illness or infection