Effects of Mulligan SNAG in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

Effects of Mulligan SNAG Compared With Conventional and Sham Therapy in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effects of Mulligan SNAG added to conventional physiotherapy with conventional physiotherapy alone and sham SNAG on pain, function, proprioception, and functional performance in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged between 18 and 65 years
• Presence of chronic nonspecific low back pain lasting for at least 6 months
• No signs or symptoms of radicular pain or progressive neurological deficit
• No history of lumbar spine surgery
• No manual therapy, spinal injection, or structured physiotherapy program for low back pain within the last 3 months
• Ability to participate in a physiotherapy and exercise program
• Willingness to participate in the study and provision of written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Specific causes of low back pain (e.g., fracture, tumor, infection, inflammatory spinal disorders)
• Presence of radiculopathy or severe neurological impairment
• History of spinal surgery
• Pregnancy
• Severe balance, vestibular, or neurological disorders that may interfere with proprioception testing
• Any medical condition contraindicating physical therapy or manual therapy
• Participation in another clinical trial or receiving concurrent treatment for low back pain during the intervention period