This clinical trial aims to compare the skeletal and dental effects of conventional Hyrax expanders and 3D-printed Hyrax expanders in adolescent patients with maxillary transverse deficiency. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital models, the study evaluates the precision, customization, and treatment outcomes of both appliance types to inform evidence-based orthodontic treatment planning.

Maxillary transverse deficiency is a common orthodontic problem that often requires skeletal expansion using appliances such as the Hyrax expander. While conventional Hyrax expanders have been widely used, advancements in digital dentistry have introduced 3D-printed alternatives that offer potential benefits in precision, customization, and patient comfort. However, there is currently no clinical evidence comparing the skeletal and dental effects of these two designs.

This study addresses this gap by evaluating and comparing the outcomes of conventional and 3D-printed Hyrax expanders in adolescent patients, a critical developmental stage where maxillary expansion becomes more challenging due to progressive maturation and increased resistance of the mid-palatal suture. The study uses cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital models to assess skeletal and dental changes, providing clinically relevant data to guide orthodontic treatment planning and appliance selection.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients aged between 12 to 17 years.
2. Skeletal age ranges from CVMS 3 to CVMS 5.
3. Skeletal maxillary transverse deficiency with/without crossbite.
4. Cooperative and able to attend follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Previous orthodontic treatment.
2. Craniofacial syndromes, or cleft lip and/or palate.
3. Patients with vertical growth pattern.
4. Very bad oral hygiene and active periodontal disease.
5. Vulnerable groups such as individuals with cognitive impairments or intellectual disabilities and individuals with severe mental health disorders.