Bupivacaine Liposome Versus Bupivacaine for Ultrasound-Guided Suprascapular Nerve Combined With Axillary Nerve Block in Analgesia After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

Bupivacaine Liposome Versus Bupivacaine for Ultrasound-Guided Suprascapular Nerve Combined With Axillary Nerve Block in Analgesia After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

This trial is designed to compare the post-operative analgesic efficacy and safety of liposomal bupivacaine versus plain bupivacaine when both are used for ultrasound-guided combined suprascapular and axillary nerve block in patients undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Most liposomal bupivacaine data come from ultrasound-guided brachial-plexus blocks; evidence for its safety and efficacy when used specifically for a combined ultrasound-guided suprascapular-plus-axillary block after arthroscopic shoulder surgery is still missing. This trial fills that gap by comparing liposomal bupivacaine with bupivacaine along, aiming to advance multimodal analgesia and enhanced-recovery pathways, cut postoperative pain and stress, and shorten hospital stay.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 18-60 years
2. ASA physical status I-II
3. Undergoing unilateral arthroscopic shoulder surgery
4. The Operative time between 1and 4 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Anticipated operative time < 1 h or > 4 h
2. Severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency
3. Hepatic or renal dysfunction
4. Coagulopathy
5. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
6. History of nerve injury on the operative side
7. Skin infection at the block site
8. Allergy to amide local anesthetics
9. Refusal to participate or any other condition deemed unsuitable.