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Background. Strength training is a key component of physical performance in soccer. However, in non-professional players, evidence regarding the relationship between weekly strength training load and perceived physical performance remains limited, particularly when considering factors such as fatigue, pain, and motivation.
Objective. To analyze the association between self-reported weekly strength training load and perceived physical performance in non-professional soccer players, and to examine the influence of perceived fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and exercise motivation on this relationship.
Methods. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study conducted using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire. The dependent variable will be perceived physical performance, assessed using the Perceived Performance in Sports Questionnaire. Independent variables will include weekly strength training load, measured using the session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE), perceived fatigue assessed with the Fatigue Severity Scale, and motivation toward training and sport participation assessed with the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2. Adjustment variables will include age, sex, playing position, competitive level, sporting experience, mean match playing time (minutes per match), body mass index, and overall weekly training load. Descriptive analyses and multivariable regression models will be performed.
Expected results. To identify the relationship between weekly strength training load and perceived physical performance, and to determine the physical and psychosocial factors associated with lower self-perceived performance in non-professional soccer players.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observational group | Non-professional soccer players |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soccer players sample | Other | Active non-professional (amateur) soccer players. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Measurement of perceived physical performance | This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Perceived Performance in Sports Questionnaire. This instrument measures athletes' subjective evaluation of their own performance during competition or sport practice. It consists of five items rated on a 1-5 Likert scale, with the final score calculated as the mean of the items; higher scores indicate better perceived performance. As no specific cut-off points are established, the score will be interpreted as a continuous variable. | Screening visit |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Measurement of weekly strength training load | Weekly strength training load will be quantified using the session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE; Borg CR-10). Participants will report session duration and perceived intensity (0-10) for all strength sessions in the previous week. Weekly load will be calculated as the sum of sRPE × duration (minutes) across sessions. | Screening visit |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Measurement of age | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be measured in years. | Screening visit |
| Measurement of gender | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be recorded as a dichotomous variable (male/female). |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Active non-professional (amateur) soccer players.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidad de Oviedo | Oviedo | Principality of Asturias | 33006 | Spain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001265 | Athletic Injuries |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Measurement of perceived fatigue | This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). This self-reported questionnaire evaluates the impact of fatigue on daily functioning and consists of nine items rated on a 1-7 Likert scale. The final score is calculated as the mean of the items, with higher values indicating greater perceived fatigue; a mean score ≥4 is considered indicative of clinically significant fatigue. | Screening visit |
| Measurement of motivation toward training and sport participation | This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2). This self-reported instrument, grounded in Self-Determination Theory, evaluates different types of motivational regulation toward exercise. It consists of 19 items distributed across the dimensions of amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation. Higher scores in autonomous regulation, particularly intrinsic motivation, are associated with greater adherence to and engagement in sport practice. | Screening visit |
| Screening visit |
| Measurement of playing position | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be recorded as an ordinal variable (goalkeeper / defender / midfielder / forward). | Screening visit |
| Measurement of competitive category | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be recorded as an ordinal variable (e.g., first regional division / second regional division, etc.). | Screening visit |
| Measurement of soccer-specific experience | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be measured as a continuous variable, defined as the number of competitive seasons played. | Screening visit |
| Measurement of average match playing time | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be recorded as an ordinal variable (<45 minutes / 45-90 minutes / >90 minutes). | Screening visit |
| Measurement of body mass index | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be calculated from body mass and height (kg/m²). | Screening visit |
| Measurement of overall weekly training load | This confounding or moderating variable, used to control for individual characteristics, will be assessed as the mean perceived exertion of all training sessions (strength training plus field-based sessions) using a 0-10 rating of perceived exertion scale. | Screening visit |