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The study was conducted to determine the effects of scapular repeated contractions facilitation versus hold-relax techniques on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scapular Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique | Experimental |
| |
| Scapular Hold-Relax Technique | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique | Other | Repeated contraction facilitation on scapula in two diagonal patterns (D1&D2) were performed .D1 consisted of anterior elevation and posterior depression and D2 consisted of posterior elevation and anterior depression. Isotonic contraction of muscles against the resistance throughout the active ROM was performed.3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 20 seconds of rest interval. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Pain Rating Scale | Patient level of pain was assessed using this scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 10. 0 indicates "no pain" ,1- 3 indicates mild pain ,4-6 indicates moderate pain and 7-10 indicates "worst pain". NPRS have shown high test-retest reliability (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively) MCID value of NPRS is 2-3 | At base line and end of 4 weeks |
| Shoulder Pain And Disability Index | SPADI was used to assess functional disability. It has 13 items, with 5 items for pain and 8 items for disability | from baseline to end of 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| ROM shoulder flexion | changes from baseline ROM of shoulder flexion was taken | 4th week |
| ROM shoulder abduction | changes from baseline ROM of shoulder was taken |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ameena Amjad, Ph.D | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rasool Medical Complex Gujrat | Dhok Gujra | Punjab Province | 50700 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Joshi D, Chitra J. Effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on shoulder pain, range of motion, and upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU. 2017;10(3):276-82. | ||
| Background | Chitra J, Joshi D. Effect of scapular hold-relax technique on shoulder pain in hemiplegic subjects: A randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy-The Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists. 2017;11(2):49-52. | ||
| Background | Mishra N, Mishra A, Charaniya P. Effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on pain and disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Int J Yogic Hum Mov Sports Sciences. 2019;4(1):995-1000. | ||
| Background | Saeed M, Hafeez S, Asad F, Haider W, Nawaz S, Kocub S. Comparison of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and myofascial release techniques on pain and function in scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis: Scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. 2022:123-7. | ||
| Background | Bhavika PG, Vinosh Kumar P. Effect of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation versus Scapular Mobilization on Pain and function in adhesive capsulitis-A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. INTI JOURNAL. 2023;2023(64):1-6. | ||
| Background | Akgüller T, Akbaba YA, Taşkıran H. The effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on pain and functionality in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin. 2023;33(03):149-61. |
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|
| Hold-Relax Technique | Other | Hold -Relax on scapula in two diagonal patterns (D1&D2) were performed .D1 consisted of anterior elevation and posterior depression and D2 consisted of posterior elevation and anterior depression in which restricted muscles were contracted isometrically with 5 sec hold followed by relaxation into new range .3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 20 seconds of rest interval. |
|
| Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis | Other | Moist heat pack for 15-20 mins Therapeutic Ultrasound at 1MHz for 8-10 mins in continuous mode with the intensity of 1.5W/cm2 Active Assisted Shoulder for abduction, flexion, internal rotation and external rotation with 3 sets of 15 repetitions 4days/week for 4 weeks Wall slides, Finger ladder exercises, Wand exercises and home exercises were performed.3x15 repetitions with 2 min rest interval for 4 sessions per week for four weeks for each exercise Maitland Glenohumeral Joint Mobilization with 2-3 oscillations per second for 30 seconds for 5 sets 4 times a week in caudal and posteroanterior direction was applied for 4 weeks. |
|
| 4th week |
| ROM shoulder external rotation | changes from baseline ROM of shoulder external rotation was taken | 4th week |
| ROM shoulder internal rotation | changes from baseline ROM of shoulder internal rotation was taken | 4th week |
| Background | Shaikh SB, Ganvir SS. Effect of 4 Weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Scapular Alignment and Upper Extremity Motor Performance in Patients with Stroke: A Repeated Measure Design. Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth. 2023;16(Suppl 2):S228-S34. |
| Background | Ragapriyaa R, Kamalakannan M, Anitha A, Ramana K. Effect of Scapular Clock Exercise Versus Scapular PNF Exercise on Pain and ROM for Anterior Capsular Stiffness of Shoulder Joint. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy. 2024;18. |
| 40827206 | Background | Cellatoglu H, Belgen Kaygisiz B. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique on posture, balance and gait characteristics of older adults with scapular dyskinesis: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ. 2025 Aug 14;13:e19718. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19718. eCollection 2025. |
| Background | Butt MS, Tanveer F. Effects of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in addition to routine physical therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with adhesive capsulitis: A randomized controlled trial. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2022;2(1):78-87. |
| Background | Ghias S, Saeed H, Ahmed M, Faisal M, Solangi TA, Asim HAB, et al. Effectiveness of PNF Pattern in Regular Physical Therapy Sessions on Functional Mobility in Frozen Shoulder: PNF Pattern in Frozen Shoulder Therapy. THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences). 2024:46-50. |
| 35443651 | Background | Lin P, Yang M, Huang D, Lin H, Wang J, Zhong C, Guan L. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on the treatment of frozen shoulder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Apr 20;23(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05327-4. |
| Background | Zhang EJX, Lam YX, Lim WSR, Lie DTT. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on efficacy and pain relief for symptomatic shoulder conditions: a meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Reports. 2025;4(1):100541. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002062 | Bursitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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