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The study was conducted to determine the effects of Kaltenborn mobilization with and without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on pain, range of motion and function in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique | Experimental |
| |
| Kaltenborn mobilization | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaltenborn mobilization | Other | Kaltenborn mobilization was applied to the lumbar spine area in the dorsal direction . Patient was positioned in flexion , side bending and rotation to the right and glide was applied in dorsal direction. Similar glide was given to patient in extension, side bending and rotation to the right. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Pain Rating Scale | Numeric Pain Rating scale is used to measure intensity of pain. It ranges from 0 to 10 where 0 represents no pain, 1-3 represents mild pain, 4-6 represents moderate pain and 7-10 shows severe pain. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks. |
| Oswestry Disability Index | Oswetry Disability index is a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions used to asses functional disability in patients with low back pain. In this scale, 0-20% = minimal disability, 21-40% = moderate disability, 41-60% = severe disability, 61-80% = crippled and 81-100% = bedbound. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| ROM Lumbar spine (Flexion) | Changes in lumbar flexion range of motion was measured using goniometer at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 6 weeks. |
| ROM of Lumbar Spine ( Extension) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shakil ur Rehman, Ph.D | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Hospital Lahore | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Panjaitan LA, Hon WHC, Baait SN, Mawaddah N. Comparison between proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and mckenzie method in lumbar range of motion on non-specific low back pain. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation. 2020;9(1):63-71. | ||
| 32128535 | Background | Mehyar F, Santos M, Wilson SE, Staggs VS, Sharma NK. Effect of Grade III Lumbar Mobilization on Back Muscles in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Allied Health. 2020 Spring;49(1):20-28. | |
| 32756930 |
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|
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique | Other | PNF Hold Relax technique was performed on lumbar spine to increase the extensibility of the surrounding muscles after a maximal response. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks. |
|
| Standard Physiotherapy Treatment | Other | Hotpack for 10 mins was applied with Tens at a burst mode with pulse width 200 microsec, frequency 100 Hz, burst frequency 2 Hz for 10 mins. Ultrasound was applied for 10 mins, stretching of calf, hamstrings and gluteals along with back strengthening. |
|
Changes in lumbar extension range of motion was measured using goniometer at baseline to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
| From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks |
| Background |
| Thomas JS, Clark BC, Russ DW, France CR, Ploutz-Snyder R, Corcos DM; RELIEF Study Investigators. Effect of Spinal Manipulative and Mobilization Therapies in Young Adults With Mild to Moderate Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Aug 3;3(8):e2012589. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12589. |
| Background | Karkamandi F, Miri H, Letafatkar A, Haghighi M. Comparing the effects of motor control exercises and PNF exercises on postural control, strength, endurance, and proprioception in women with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Sport Sciences and Health Research. 2021;13(2):165-77. |
| Background | Fouda KZ, Dewir IM, Abdelsalam MS. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain patients. Physiotherapy Quarterly. 2021;29(2):32-7. |
| 34331755 | Background | Lizis P, Kobza W, Jaszczur-Nowicki J, Wisniewski D. Osteopathic Manual Treatment Compared to Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 May;29(4):76-81. |
| Background | Koutarapu S, Ghumare D. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises versus lumbar stabilization exercises for chronic low back pain patients: A randomized interventional study. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2022;54(1):23-8. |
| 34852989 | Background | Arcanjo FL, Martins JVP, Mote P, Leporace G, Oliveira DA, Sousa CS, Saquetto MB, Gomes-Neto M. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training reduces pain and disability in individuals with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022 Feb;46:101505. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101505. Epub 2021 Nov 18. |
| Background | Malik A, Ramsha M, Samad A. Outcomes of the butler neural mo-bilization technique and manual therapy for chronic low back pain in patients with lumbar radiculopathy: A cross-sectional comparative study. J Basic Clin Med Sci. 2022;1:3-11. |
| 37512085 | Background | Kasimis K, Iakovidis P, Lytras D, Koutras G, Chatziprodromidou IP, Fetlis A, Ntinou SR, Keklikoglou NM, Samiotaki A, Chasapis G, Tarfali G, Apostolou T. Short-Term Effects of Manual Therapy plus Capacitive and Resistive Electric Transfer Therapy in Individuals with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jul 9;59(7):1275. doi: 10.3390/medicina59071275. |
| Background | Shahzadi M, Tanveer S, Batool M, Sheikh SA, Faraz K, Fatima Z. Comparing Muscle Energy Technique and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopaedic Manual Therapy: A Study on Effectiveness in Treating Chronic Low Back Pain. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023;3(2):1200-5. |
| Background | Khalid R, Hasan S, Anis T, Riaz SW, Maroof A, Arshad A, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) With or Without Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Pattern in Lumbosacral Dysfunction: Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET). THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences). 2024:51-5. |
| Background | Deopa V, Kumar N, Thapliyal S, Sharma S. To Compare the Effect of PNF Stretching and Core Stabilizing Exercise Versus McKenzie Technique in Subjects with Low Back Pain. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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