The experimental group received a structured Vestibular Rehabilitation Program that included balance training, habituation exercises, and gaze stabilization exercises. These interventions were designed to improve postural stability, reduce dizziness and motion sensitivity, and enhance visual vestibular interaction. Each session lasted 30 minutes, was conducted three times per week, and continued for a total of four weeks under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist.

The control group received Routine Physical Therapy, consisting of ankle strategy exercises to improve postural control through ankle musculature and coordination, along with elliptical training at sub-symptom threshold levels to promote aerobic conditioning. Similar to the experimental group, these sessions were performed for 30 minutes, three times per week, for four weeks, and were supervised by a licensed physical therapist.

Vestibular Rehabilitation includes balance training, habituation exercises, and gaze stabilization/oculomotor training. Balance training is performed 3 times per week, with intensity progressed from static stance to dynamic tasks such as foam beam and head turns. The time is three sets each for 30 seconds, making a total treatment time of 30 minutes. The type of balance training includes static balance (single-leg and tandem) and dynamic balance (foam beam walking with head turns). Habituation exercises were performed three times per week, with intensity of three sets of 100 feet distance covered while gradually increasing complexity from head turns to ball toss. The time is 3 minute activity performed following 1 minute rest, making a total treatment time of 30 minutes. The type of exercise includes VOR habituation such as head turn with ambulation, ball toss up and down while walking, and ball toss side to side while walking. Gaze stabilization/oculomotor training is also performed t

For kinesiophobia the Urdu version of Tampa scale was used to asses athletes. The Urdu version of the TSK is considered to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing kinesiophobia.

1. = strongly disagree
2. = disagree
3. = agree
4. = strongly agree Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) The TSK is a self report questionnaire used to measure fear of movement.

It contains 17 items, each scored on a 4-point Likert scale:

Total score range: 17 to 68 Reverse scored items: 4, 8, 12, 16 (For these items: 1↔4, 2↔3)

The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) has demonstrated excellent validity and reliability in patients. Test-retest reliability was strong, with ICC values ranging from 0.88 to 0.99 (average 0.90) and Cronbach's alpha between 0.90 and 0.99, indicating high internal consistency.Types of Errors

Hands lifted off the iliac crest

Opening eyes

Step, stumble, or fall

Moving hip into >30° abduction

Lifting forefoot or heel

Remaining out of the test position for more than 5 seconds

The BESS is calculated by adding one error point for each error during the six 20-second tests.

Which Foot Was Tested

• Left
• Right (i.e., the non-dominant foot)

Score Card (Number of Errors) Test Condition Firm Surface Foam Surface Double-Leg Stance (feet together) Single-Leg Stance (non-dominant foot) Tandem Stance (non-dominant foot in back)

Total Scores:

BESS Total:60

The Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale was selected as it has undergone translation and validation in Dutch athletes. The instrument demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.94) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.89).

0 = no confidence at all, 50 = moderate confidence, 100 = complete confidence. Rate Value My overall confidence to play is ________ My confidence to play without pain is ________ My confidence to give 100 percent effort is ________ My confidence to not concentrate on the injury is ________ My confidence in the injured body part to handle the demands of the situation is ________ My confidence in my skill level/ability is ________

Total: ________