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This study explicitly tests a multisensory virtual reality experience that combines visual, auditory, and olfactory channels to modulate the stress response in young adults. In addition to visual and auditory stimulation, the study also assesses whether a relaxing olfactory stimulus attenuates this effect. The environment and task remain constant (constant visuals); auditory and olfactory elements are varied. Objective. To evaluate the main effects of varying auditory and olfactory stimuli, as well as their interaction, on variables related to the performance of a quiz-type task in virtual reality.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | Control Group | |
| Experimental | Experimental | Experimental Group |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relaxing aroma and state of stress/calm | Other | A 2×2 randomized design is used. The Aroma condition is between subjects (relaxing aroma vs. no aroma) (experimental group and control group). The Mode condition is within each group and consists of two blocks: Stress and Calm. The order of the blocks is counterbalanced (Stress-Calm/Calm-Stress): half of the participants experience Stress first and then Calm, and the other half in the reverse order. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| NASA Task Load Index | This test measures perceived mental workload. It has the following dimensions: Mental demand, effort, physical demand, performance, time constraints, and frustration level. Scoring interpretation: Higher scores for mental demand, effort, physical demand, time constraints, and frustration level indicate a greater workload/demand. Higher performance indicates a better experience. Reference: S. G. Hart y L. E. Staveland, "Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research", en Advances in Psychology, vol. 52, North-Holland, 1988, pp. 139-183. doi: 10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks |
| Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ) | Test to measure stress levels. It has three dimensions: engagement, anxiety, and worry. Scoring interpretation:
Reference: W. S. Helton y K. Näswall, "Short Stress State Questionnaire", Eur. J. Psychol. Assess., vol. 31, n.o 1, pp. 20-30, jun. 2015, doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000200. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| IPQ - Igroup Presence Questionnaire | A test that measures overall presence in VR. Dimensions: Spatial presence, engagement, realism. Scoring logic: Higher scores indicate greater presence. Reference: T. Schubert, F. Friedmann, and H. Regenbrecht, "The Experience of Presence: Factor Analytic Insights," Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 266-281, June 2001, doi: 10.1162/105474601300343603. |
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Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guillermo Palacios, PhD | Contact | +34978618179 | guillermo.palacios@unizar.es |
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| From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks |
| VRSQ - Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire | It measures Cybersickness / motion sickness symptoms. Dimensions: General malaise, vestibular symptoms. Scoring logic: Higher scores indicate greater malaise. Reference: H. K. Kim, J. Park, Y. Choi, and M. Choe, "Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ): Motion sickness measurement index in a virtual reality environment," Appl. Ergon., vol. 69, pp. 66-73, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.016. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks |
| VAS Scale | It measures:
Reference: M. Koo y S.-W. Yang, "Visual Analogue Scale", Encyclopedia, vol. 5, n.o 4, nov. 2025, doi: 10.3390/encyclopedia5040190. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks |
| UEQ-S - User Experience Questionnaire Short | It masures the user experience. Dimensions: Pragmatic and hedonic. Scoring logic: Higher scores indicate better user experience. Reference: M. Schrepp, A. Hinderks, and J. Thomaschewski, "Design and Evaluation of a Short Version of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S)," Int. J. Interact. Multimed. Artif. Intell., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 103-108, Dec. 2017. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks |
| Performance rate | Measures of the number of correct answers, response time, and use of clues | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks |