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This study examined whether different types of exercise performed during hemodialysis sessions affect patients' health and quality of life. Patients receiving regular hemodialysis were assigned to resistance exercise, flexibility exercise, or usual care during dialysis. Changes in health-related outcomes were evaluated before and after the exercise period.
This single-center pilot study was conducted to explore the effects of exercise performed during hemodialysis on patients' health. Adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis participated in one of three groups: resistance exercise, flexibility exercise, or usual care without exercise. The exercise programs were carried out during routine dialysis sessions under supervision.
Patients' clinical measurements and self-reported health outcomes were assessed at the start of the study and again after completion of the exercise period. The study was carried out between December 2020 and April 2021 following approval by the institutional ethics committee.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance Exercise | Experimental | Participants performed supervised resistance exercise during routine hemodialysis sessions. Exercises were conducted three times per week during the first two hours of dialysis over the study period. |
|
| Flexibility Exercise | Experimental | Participants performed supervised flexibility and stretching exercises during routine hemodialysis sessions. Exercises were conducted three times per week during the first two hours of dialysis over the study period. |
|
| Usual Care (Control) | No Intervention | Participants received usual hemodialysis care without any structured exercise program during dialysis sessions. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance Exercise | Behavioral | A structured resistance exercise program performed during routine hemodialysis sessions under supervision. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in dialysis adequacy assessed by Kt/V (urea) | Change in dialysis adequacy measured by single-pool Kt/V (urea). | From baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in dialysis adequacy assessed by urea reduction ratio (URR) | Change in dialysis adequacy measured by urea reduction ratio (URR), expressed as a percentage | From baseline to 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health-Related Quality of Life score | Change in health-related quality of life assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), a validated 36-item questionnaire. SF-36 domain scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. | From baseline to 12 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dilek Gibyeli Genek, MD | Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital | Muğla | Muğla | 48000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42252421 | Derived | Genek DG, Arikan II, Gazezoglu OU, Alp A, Huddam B. Effects of intradialytic resistance versus flexibility exercises on clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Nephrol. 2026 Jun 8. doi: 10.1186/s12882-026-05094-7. Online ahead of print. |
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There is no plan to share individual participant data from this study.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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Participants were assigned to resistance exercise, flexibility exercise, or usual care groups and followed in parallel during the study period.
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Due to the nature of the exercise interventions, masking was not feasible.
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| Flexibility Exercise | Behavioral | A structured flexibility and stretching exercise program performed during routine hemodialysis sessions under supervision. |
|
| Change in Beck Depression Inventory score |
Change in depressive symptoms assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms. |
| From baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in body mass index (BMI) | Change in body mass index (BMI), calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m^2). Higher BMI indicates greater body mass relative to height. | From baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in fat tissue index (FTI) | Change in fat tissue index (FTI) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), calculated from fat tissue mass (FTM) normalized to height squared (kg/m^2). | From baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in lean tissue index (LTI) | Change in lean tissue index (LTI) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), calculated from lean tissue mass normalized to height squared (kg/m^2). | From baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in physical function assessed by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) | Change in physical function assessed using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), measured as the total distance walked in meters. | From baseline to 12 weeks |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |