Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a 30-point scale ranging from 0 to 30, where higher scores indicate better cognitive function.

Motor recovery was assessed using the Brunnstrom Stages of Hemiplegic Recovery for the upper extremity, hand, and lower extremity, which classify motor function into six sequential stages (Stage I-VI), with higher stages indicating better motor recovery.

Life satisfaction was assessed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), a five-item scale with total scores ranging from 5 to 35, where higher scores indicate greater life satisfaction.

Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), which yields scores ranging from 0 to 100 for each domain, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.

Perceived social support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), a 12-item scale with total scores ranging from 12 to 84, where higher scores indicate greater perceived social support.

Cognitive function was assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), which yields scores ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.