The TCM powder using extract powder that consists of Draconis Sanguis, Rz. Zingiberis Recens, and Artemisia princeps had been formulated into uniform 3X3 cm patch under the supervision of senior pharmacists. The 3 acupoints applied by study drug were LI 10, LU 5 and TE 5 with HD three times a week for 4 weeks.

Pain severity and interference are rated on a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 ("no pain"/"does not interfere") to 10 ("worst imaginable pain"/"completely interferes").

PHQ-9 is a 9-item, self-administered diagnostic tool used to screen for, diagnose, monitor, and measure the severity of depression in primary care and mental health settings. It scores symptoms based on the DSM-5 criteria over the past two weeks, with a total score ranging from 0 to 27.

The outine blood analysis includes CBC, Kt/V, K, Ca, P, K, albumin, hsCRP, AST, and ALT.

Frequency of pain management including local analgesics, cryotherapy and oral painkillers during each dialysis was assessed within 12 sessions of study and was calculated by the number of participants in total.