Dexamethasone vs Dexmedetomidine in Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Rhinoplasty Pain

Dexamethasone Versus Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block as Post-operative Analgesia in Rhinoplasty Surgeries

This study will test the effect of adding dexamethasone versus dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine in sphenopalatine ganglion block used for pain after rhinoplasty

Preoperative settings:

Preoperative evaluation of full medical history will be taken, examination will be done, and routine preoperative investigations will be done to all patients including complete blood picture and coagulation profile.

The patient will be fasting for at least 8 hours preoperatively

Intraoperative settings:

General anesthesia technique:

Upon arrival to OR, Standard monitoring will be applied: ECG, non-invasive blood pressure and pulse oximeter, Intravenous access (20G) will be inserted, and all patients will receive midazolam 0.05mg/kg IV for anxiety, ranitidine 50 mg IV and ondansetron 0.15mg/kg IV 15 min before induction.

Induction of anesthesia in all groups will be done by intravenous propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg IV, fentanyl 1 µg/kg IV and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg IV, then endotracheal tube of suitable size will be applied and capnogram will be connected. Maintenance will be achieved by isoflurane inhalation started with 1.2 % and top-up doses of atracurium (0.01 mg/kg IV). Volume controlled positive pressure ventilation was adjusted at tidal volume and respiratory rate to keep ETCO2 at 35-40 mmHg with continuous monitoring. During surgery, the patients received intravenous infusion of ringer solution according to fluid requirement regimen. Fluid administration will be guided by hemodynamics monitoring and clinical parameters

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18-65 years.
2. Sex: of either sex.
3. American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Class I and II.
4. BMI < 35
5. Scheduled for rhinoplasty surgeries under general anaesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Declining to give written informed consent.
2. History of allergy to the medications used in the study.
3. Contraindications to regional anesthesia (including patient refusal, coagulopathy and local infection).
4. Psychiatric disorder.