assessment of the musculoskeletal system will be performed twice a year, for three years of young dancers

Objectives: To examine musculoskeletal system characteristics in female dancers with and without scoliosis throughout the pubertal period, and to evaluate the effect of a targeted preventive exercise program.

Methods: Up to 140 female dancers aged 11-16 will be recruited for a two-phase study:

Phase A: a two-year longitudinal study with four assessment time points. . At each time point, participants will complete a comprehensive assessment including: anthropometric measurements (height and weight), sexual maturation status (Tanner scale), scoliosis assessment (Adam's forward bend test, scoliometer measurements, Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire), bone strength (quantitative ultrasound using a Speed of Sound [SOS] device), abdominal and back muscle morphology (ultrasound imaging), hip muscle strength (handheld dynamometry), hip range of motion (goniometry), dynamic balance (Y Balance Test), and flexibility (Beighton score). In addition, participants will complete a demographic questionnaire and an injury surveillance questionnaire.

Phase B : an intervention study in which dancers with scoliosis will be randomly assigned to either a three-month targeted exercise program or a control group continuing regular training. Outcomes will be assessed post-intervention and at one-year follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female dancers aged 11-16 years who dance at least three times per week and whose parents have provided informed consent.
• Dancers who have participated in at least three weekly hours of classical ballet during the year preceding the study and during the study year.
• A minimum of two years of experience in classical ballet training.
• Dancers without underlying medical conditions, not taking medications, and with no history of orthopedic surgery.
• dancers diagnosed during the study with mild to moderate scoliosis who are not under medical follow-up requiring active orthopedic or surgical treatment.

Exclusion criteria:

- Dancers who are taking medications, are not in good health, have underlying medical conditions, or have undergone any orthopedic surgery.

females dencers

De-identified individual participant data will be shared with other researchers upon reasonable request and in coordination with the principal investigator, subject to ethical approval and data use agreements.