The transition to motherhood, particularly for first-time (primiparous) women, is a critical life period requiring substantial psychological and social adjustment. Hormonal changes, increased caregiving responsibilities, sleep disturbances, and potential social isolation during pregnancy and the postpartum period may increase vulnerability to stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health concern that adversely affects maternal well-being, mother-infant interaction, and infant development, with insufficient social support identified as one of its most significant risk factors.

Maternal self-efficacy, defined as a mother's perceived competence in caring for and responding to her infant's needs, is a key indicator of successful adaptation to the parenting role. Evidence suggests that maternal self-efficacy develops primarily within the first months after childbirth and tends to be lower in primiparous women. Low parenting self-efficacy has been associated with increased depressive symptoms, higher parenting stress, impaired mother-infant bonding, and negative developmental outcomes for the infant.

Among social support sources, partner support plays a particularly protective role during the transition to parenthood. Emotional, informational, and practical support provided by the partner has been shown to enhance maternal self-efficacy, reduce psychological distress, improve marital adjustment, and lower the risk of postpartum depression. Conversely, low perceived partner support and relationship difficulties are associated with an increased risk of PPD in primiparous mothers.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived partner support and postpartum parenting self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in primiparous women. Additionally, the study seeks to evaluate the explanatory and protective role of partner support on maternal self-efficacy and postpartum depression during the early postpartum period.

Inclusionsd Criteria:

• Aged 18 years or older
• Primiparous mothers (first childbirth)
• Between 0 and 12 months postpartum
• Living with spouse or partner
• Able to read and write Turkish
• Having access to the internet
• Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed neurological disorder
• Diagnosed psychiatric disorder
• Visual impairment preventing completion of questionnaires
• Cognitive impairment preventing completion of questionnaires

The study population consists of primiparous mothers aged 18 years and older who are between 0 and 12 months postpartum and living with their spouse or partner. Participants will be recruited online via social media and similar digital platforms and will complete self-report questionnaires.