This study employs a structured, validated questionnaire as the index test to objectively assess dental professionals' knowledge of the oral microbiome and exosomes, alongside attitudes, readiness, and perceived barriers. The primary aim is to develop and compare Microbiome Knowledge Scores (MKS) and Exosome Knowledge Scores (EKS) across dental specialties, workplace settings, and years of practice. Secondary aims include evaluating attitudes and perceived barriers, assessing the relationship between self-rated and objective knowledge, and identifying predictors of higher knowledge levels. The study tests the null hypotheses that MKS/EKS do not differ across demographic or practice characteristics and that self-rated knowledge does not correlate with objective knowledge.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Licensed dentists practicing in Egypt (general dentists and all specialties)
• age ≥18.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Undergraduate students/interns without a license
• dentists currently practicing abroad; duplicate entries.

The study population comprises licensed dentists practicing in Egypt, including general practitioners and all dental specialties, aged 18 years or older. Participants must hold a valid dental license and be actively practicing within Egypt. Excluded from the study are undergraduate dental students or interns without licensure, dentists currently practicing outside Egypt, and duplicate questionnaire responses.