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Eccentric exercise induces muscle damage and delay functional recovery. Broccoli-derived glucoraphanin (a sulforaphane precursor that activates Nrf2 defenses) may aid repair; however, its short-term effects in humans remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate whether short-term supplementation with broccoli-derived glucoraphanin will improve recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, fifteen participants will consume either high-glucoraphanin broccoli powder (320 μg) or placebo for one week, followed by elbow flexor eccentric exercise and continued supplementation. Strength, soreness, creatine kinase (CK), range of motion (ROM), arm girths, and ultrasound-assessed muscle and tendon morphology will be measured at baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 48 and 96 hours post-exercise.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| male volunteers aged 18-35 years | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| broccoli powder consumption | Dietary Supplement | Participants underwent two separate sessions of muscle-damaging exercise targeting the elbow flexors: (1) following seven days of broccoli powder consumption (condition X), and (2) following an equivalent placebo regimen (condition Y). The broccoli supplementation consisted of 10 g of broccoli powder [a freeze-dried glucoraphanin-rich broccoli powder (99.5% broccoli and 0.5% mustard seed)] dissolved in 125 mL of boiling water, providing 320 μg of glucoraphanin per serving. It was consumed when still hot/warm once daily for seven days before and for four days following the eccentric exercise protocol. The placebo powder, matched in appearance and preparation, contained no broccoli-derived bioactives. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Peak torque, Nm/s | Exercise induced damage marker, isokinetic and isometric knee extension | At baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 48 hours, and at 96 hours post-exercise. |
| Range of motion, degree | Exercise induced damage marker, elbow extension and flexion | At baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 48 hours, and at 96 hours post-exercise. |
| Arm girth, mm | Exercise induced muscle damage marker, arm relaxed and fully flexed | At baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 48 hours, and at 96 hours post-exercise. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Soreness, points | exercise induced damage marker, biceps brachii, 10-point visual analogue scale with 0 indicating no soreness and 10 indicating intolerably intense soreness. | At baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 48 hours, and at 96 hours post-exercise. |
| Creatine kinase, IU/L |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan: version 1 | Sep 15, 2025 | Sep 15, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan: version 2 | Sep 26, 2025 | Sep 26, 2025 | Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
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| Placebo (no broccoli-derived bioactives) | Dietary Supplement | The placebo powder, matched in appearance and preparation, contained no broccoli-derived bioactives. |
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Exercise induced muscle damage marker in venous blood |
| At baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 48 hours, and at 96 hours post-exercise. |