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Influenza infection leads to significant morbidity and mortality each year. Influenza vaccines can reduce the risk of flu and the severity of flu illness, In addition, flu vaccinations can reduce flu complications such as pneumonia or worsening of chronic heart or lung disease. Each year, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado offers influenza vaccines to patients at no cost either at primary care clinic appointments or flu walk-in clinics in the fall prior to the upcoming flu season. In addition, as part of clinic appointment reminder text messages, there is a message to get the flu vaccine for patients who have not received the vaccine prior to the clinic visit. Building on these flu reminder text messages for patients who have not received a flu vaccine, this study will test different behavioral nudge text messages to improve influenza vaccination rates.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generic text messages | Active Comparator | Patients will receive the usual flu vaccine text message reminder |
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| Positively framed | Experimental | Patients will receive a positively framed text message to get the flu vaccine |
|
| Convenience framed | Experimental | Patients will receive a convenience framed text message to get the flu vaccine |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral economics framed test messaging | Behavioral | We will use positive framing and convenience framing as our 2 behavioral text messages to improve flu vaccination rates. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Receive flu vaccine | Did the patient receive a flu vaccine as denoted from the EMR. The vaccine could have occurred within Kaiser Permanente Colorado or outside of Kaiser Permanente Colorado and in which Kaiser received information about the flu vaccination during the flu season 2025-2026. | 12 weeks following receipt of first text message reminder |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to flu vaccination | Time from primary care clinic visit that triggered the flu reminder text message and date of flu vaccination as denoted in the EMR. | 12 weeks following receipt of 1st text message reminder |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Michael Ho, MD, PhD | Kaiser Permanente | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institute for Health Research | Aurora | Colorado | 80011 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007251 | Influenza, Human |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D009976 | Orthomyxoviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
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| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |