Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study aimed to determine the effects of citrus and clove oil aromatherapy, administered via inhalation (2 drops, 2 minutes, 3 times a week for one month), on fatigue level, sleep quality, and quality of life in older adults.
Research Hypotheses
H11: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure citrus oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is effective on fatigue level in older adults.
H01: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure citrus oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is not effective on fatigue level in older adults.
H12: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure citrus oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is effective on sleep quality in older adults.
H02: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure citrus oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is not effective on sleep quality in older adults.
H13: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure citrus oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is effective on quality of life in older adults.
H03: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure citrus oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is not effective on quality of life in older adults.
H14: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure clove oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is effective on fatigue level in older adults.
H04: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure clove oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is not effective on fatigue level in older adults.
H15: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure clove oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is effective on sleep quality in older adults.
H05: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure clove oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is not effective on sleep quality in older adults.
H16: Inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure clove oil administered for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 sessions over one month is effective on quality of life in older adults.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus Oil Aromatherapy Arm, | Experimental | Older adults receiving inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure citrus oil for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for one month (12 sessions in total). |
|
| Clove Oil Aromatherapy Arm | Experimental | Older adults receiving inhalation aromatherapy with 2 drops of pure clove oil for 2 minutes, 3 times a week, for one month (12 sessions in total). |
|
| Placebo Control Arm | Placebo Comparator | Older adults not receiving any aromatherapy intervention (or receiving standard care only). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group 1 | Other | Intervention 1 (Citrus Oil) Group: This group receives treatment 3 times a week (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays between 13:00 and 14:00), for a total of 12 sessions over one month, with 2 drops of citrus oil applied to a 6x6 cm gauze pad for 2 minutes in each session. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in fatigue level assessed by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) | Fatigue level will be assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), a validated self-report questionnaire. Prior to the initiation of the aromatherapy intervention, baseline MFI-20 data will be collected through face-to-face interviews conducted by Assessor 1. Following the completion of the four-week intervention period, the MFI-20 will be re-administered through face-to-face interviews by Assessor 2. The primary outcome will be the mean change in total MFI-20 score from baseline to post-intervention. Comparisons will be conducted between the intervention groups and the placebo control group. | Baseline and at the end of the 4-week intervention period |
| Change in insomnia complaints and sleep quality assessed by the Basic Insomnia and Sleep Quality Scale (BaSIQS) | Insomnia complaints and sleep quality will be assessed using the Basic Insomnia and Sleep Quality Scale (BaSIQS), a validated self-report questionnaire. Baseline measurements will be collected through face-to-face interviews conducted by Assessor 1 prior to the initiation of the aromatherapy intervention. Following the completion of the four-week intervention period, the BaSIQS will be re-administered through face-to-face interviews by Assessor 2. The primary outcome will be the mean change in total BaSIQS score from baseline to post-intervention. Comparisons will be made between the aromatherapy intervention groups and the placebo control group. | Baseline and at the end of the 4-week intervention period |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in quality of life assessed by the Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief (OPQOL-Brief) | Quality of life will be assessed using the Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief (OPQOL-Brief), a validated self-report instrument. Baseline measurements will be collected through face-to-face interviews conducted by Assessor 1 prior to the initiation of the aromatherapy intervention. Following the completion of the four-week intervention period, the OPQOL-Brief will be re-administered through face-to-face interviews by Assessor 2. The primary outcome will be the mean change in total OPQOL-Brief score from baseline to post-intervention. Comparisons will be made between the aromatherapy intervention groups and the placebo control group. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Individuals who are: • 65 years of age or older
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ibrahim Duman | Contact | 03243610001 | ibrahimduman@mersin.edu.tr |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Related Info | View source |
| ID | Type | URL | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study Protocol | View IPD |
Individual participant data (IPD), even if anonymized, will not be shared with researchers outside the primary study team. The collected individual-level data will be used solely for the purposes of this study and will be protected in accordance with ethical approval and informed consent procedures. Study findings will be reported only in aggregate form, and no external access to individual participant data will be provided.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This research is a mixed-pattern study.
Not provided
Not provided
Bu çalışmada çift kör tasarım uygulanacaktır. Birinci körleme, katılımcılara yöneliktir; katılımcılar hangi gruba (müdahale ya da placebo kontrol) dâhil edildiklerini bilmeyeceklerdir. İkinci körleme, ön test ve son test verilerini toplayan anketörlere (Anketör 1 ve Anketör 2) yöneliktir; bu anketörler de katılımcıların hangi grupta yer aldığını bilmeyecektir.
|
| Intervention Group 2 | Other | This group undergoes a total of 12 sessions over one month, 3 times a week (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays between 13:00 and 14:00), each session involves applying 2 drops of clove oil for 2 minutes, using a 6x6 cm gauze pad in each application. |
|
| Placebo Control Group | Other | This group undergoes a treatment three times a week (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays between 13:00 and 14:00), a total of 12 sessions over one month, and in each session, 2 drops of almond oil are applied to a 6x6 cm gauze pad for 2 minutes. |
|
| Baseline and at the end of the 4-week intervention period |