receive anal electrical stimulation, pelvic floor muscles training, and behavioral therapy

receive animated biofeedback in combination with anal electrical stimulation and behavioral therapy

instructions, diet and toilet modification, motivation and reinforcement

The anal sphincter muscles, comprising the internal and external sphincters, play a critical role in maintaining continence and regulating the release of feces. In the context of fecal incontinence in children with repaired anorectal malformation, the activity of these muscles is crucial for understanding their functional restoration post-surgery. Electrical stimulation and biofeedback therapies aim to enhance the tone and coordination of these muscles, improving their ability to control defecation. By assessing the activity of the anal sphincter muscles through method like pressure measurement, the study will determine how these interventions influence muscle function and whether they contribute to a reduction in fecal incontinence episodes. The analysis of sphincter muscle activity is key in evaluating the effectiveness of these therapies in strengthening the muscles and improving overall bowel control.

Fecal soiling refers to the involuntary leakage of small amounts of stool or mucus, which can result in stains or marks on clothing or bedding. This condition is often associated with fecal incontinence, where individuals are unable to control the release of stool. Fecal soiling frequency refers to how often these incidents occur within a given timeframe, typically measured over a day, week, or month.

The frequency of fecal soiling can vary significantly from one individual to another, depending on the severity of incontinence, the functionality of the anal sphincters, and other factors such as diet, bowel habits, and the effectiveness of any treatments or interventions. It is often used as a key indicator in clinical studies to assess the effectiveness of treatments for fecal incontinence, such as biofeedback, electrical stimulation, or pelvic floor rehabilitation.

Tracking fecal soiling frequency helps clinicians understand the patient's condition, determine the severity of their