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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) on body weight gain, breastfeeding behavior, and length of hospital stay in preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods: A randomized controlled experimental study design was used. A total of 32 preterm infants with gestational age between 26-30 weeks were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=16) or control group (n=16). The intervention group received PIOMI twice daily for 7 consecutive days (14 sessions in total), while the control group received routine care only. The Premature Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) was used to evaluate breastfeeding performance before and after the intervention. Weight changes and length of hospital stay were recorded and compared between groups.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) on feeding behavior, weight gain, and length of hospital stay in preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
This study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental trial with a pretest-posttest parallel-group design. A total of 32 preterm infants with a gestational age between 26 and 30 weeks were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 16) or the control group (n = 16). The intervention group received Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) twice daily for 7 consecutive days (14 sessions in total), while the control group received routine nursing care only. Breastfeeding behavior was assessed using the Premature Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) before and after the intervention. Body weight was measured daily, and total weight gain and length of hospital stay were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests according to data distribution, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Conclusion
This study was designed to evaluate the clinical effects of PIOMI on feeding performance, weight gain, and hospitalization outcomes in preterm infants.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PIOMI | Experimental | The PIBBS evaluates six sub-items: latching onto the breast, areola grasp, securing the breast with the mandible, sucking, longest sucking burst, and swallowing. Total scores were documented. In the intervention group, physiotherapists administered PIOMI, which consisted of cheek support, lip rounding, lip closure, gum massage, pressure on the lateral and anterior tip of the tongue, and palate tapping to stimulate sucking. The intervention lasted 3 minutes, followed by 2 minutes of non-nutritive sucking, administered twice daily for 7 consecutive days (each session lasting 5 minutes). Oxygen saturation and heart rate were monitored during the application. |
|
| Control | Other | The control group received routine nursing care without any additional oral motor stimulation. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) | Other | The Beckman Oral Motor Intervention (BOMI) was redesigned by Dr. Brenda Lessen, modifying its duration and steps, to create the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI). PIOMI is the only preterm oral motor intervention that can be consistently and reliably applied and easily taught through a specific training program.In the intervention group, physiotherapists administered PIOMI, which consisted of cheek support, lip rounding, lip closure, gum massage, pressure on the lateral and anterior tip of the tongue, and palate tapping to stimulate sucking. The intervention lasted 3 minutes, followed by 2 minutes of non-nutritive sucking, administered twice daily for 7 consecutive days (each session lasting 5 minutes). Oxygen saturation and heart rate were monitored during the application. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Premature Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS). | The PIBBS evaluates six sub-items: latching onto the breast, areola grasp, securing the breast with the mandible, sucking, longest sucking burst, and swallowing. Total scores were documented.The Premature Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) evaluates six sub-items: latching onto the breast, areola grasp, securing the breast with the mandible, sucking, longest sucking burst, and swallowing. The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating better breastfeeding performance. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and Day 7 (post-intervention) |
| discharge weight | Change in body weight from baseline to discharge | From baseline (pre-intervention) to day 7 after completion of the intervention |
| Length of Hospital Stay | Length of hospital stay is defined as the total number of days from admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) until hospital discharge. | From NICU admission (baseline) until hospital discharge, assessed up to 8 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Necmettin Erbakan University | Konya | Konya | 40336 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data will not be shared due to ethical restrictions and the vulnerable nature of the study population (preterm infants). Data contain sensitive clinical information, and sharing individual-level data could compromise participant confidentiality despite anonymization. Therefore, individual patient data will not be made publicly available.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D047928 | Premature Birth |
| D015430 | Weight Gain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007752 | Obstetric Labor, Premature |
| D007744 | Obstetric Labor Complications |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009732 | Nursing Care |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |
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This study uses a parallel assignment interventional model. Eligible preterm infants are randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) or to a control group receiving standard care. Both groups are followed concurrently throughout the study period, and outcome measures are assessed at baseline and after the intervention.
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| nursing care | Other | The control group received routine nursing care without any additional oral motor stimulation. |
|
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |