Brief Summary

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether different strategies of vestibular rehabilitation, performed before and after surgery, can improve recovery in adults diagnosed with unilateral vestibular schwannoma. The main questions the study aims to answer are:

Does preoperative vestibular telerehabilitation improve postoperative vestibular compensation compared with no intervention?

Does adding preoperative rotatory chair stimulation to telerehabilitation lead to greater improvements in balance, dizziness, or hospital length of stay?

The study includes three comparison groups:

No-intervention group: Participants do not receive pre- or postoperative rehabilitation, but complete all study assessments (vHIT, DHI, posturography, and hospital length of stay).

Telerehabilitation group: Participants complete a structured home-based vestibular telerehabilitation program (ReHub) for 3 weeks before surgery and again for 3 weeks after surgery.

Rotatory Chair + Telerehabilitation group: Participants receive the same telerehabilitation program as the telerehabilitation group, plus six supervised sessions of preoperative rotatory chair stimulation (two sessions per week for three weeks), following a progressive protocol in the ENT department using a CE-marked clinical rotatory chair.

Participants will:

Attend routine preoperative and postoperative assessments (vHIT, posturography, and DHI).

Complete home-based vestibular exercises through a digital telerehabilitation platform (Groups 2 and 3).

If assigned to the Rotatory Chair + Telerehabilitation group, attend six in-hospital sessions of controlled rotatory chair stimulation during the three weeks before surgery.

Undergo follow-up evaluations at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery.

This study aims to determine whether structured vestibular training conducted before and after surgery can enhance postoperative compensation and reduce symptom burden in patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery.

This prospective, non-randomized, three-arm clinical trial evaluates the effect of two pre- and postoperative vestibular rehabilitation strategies on postoperative vestibular compensation in adults undergoing surgery for unilateral vestibular schwannoma. Aberrant vestibular compensation following vestibular neurectomy is common, and many patients experience prolonged imbalance, dizziness, altered gaze stabilization, and delayed return to functional independence. Early activation of vestibular adaptation, habituation, and substitution mechanisms may help optimize postoperative recovery.

The study compares three parallel cohorts:

a no-intervention group receiving standard clinical care,

a telerehabilitation group performing a structured home-based vestibular exercise program before and after surgery, and

an enhanced rehabilitation group receiving the same telerehabilitation program plus a progressive protocol of supervised preoperative rotatory chair stimulation.

Telerehabilitation is delivered through the ReHub platform, which provides guided vestibular exercises, real-time feedback, adherence tracking, and clinician monitoring. Preoperative rotatory stimulation consists of six supervised sessions over three weeks (two per week), following a structured progression in rotational velocity and post-rotation visual fixation tasks. The purpose of this stimulation is to facilitate preoperative habituation, improve gaze stabilization mechanisms, and prime central vestibular adaptation prior to the abrupt loss of vestibular function caused by surgery.

All participants undergo standardized assessments of vestibular function and balance control at predefined time points. These include the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) to quantify VOR gain and refixation saccades, dynamic posturography to evaluate postural stability, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) to assess perceived disability. Hospital length of stay (LOS) is obtained directly from clinical records. Assessments are performed four weeks before surgery and at 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively.

The three-group design allows evaluation of:

1. the effect of pre- and postoperative vestibular telerehabilitation compared with no intervention,
2. the added effect of preoperative rotatory chair stimulation beyond telerehabilitation alone, and
3. the overall magnitude of combined preoperative rehabilitation strategies on functional recovery.

The study uses a sequential convenience sampling approach due to practical and ethical considerations related to implementation of the interventions. All data are collected at a tertiary referral center with specialized vestibular and neurotologic resources, ensuring standardized assessments and consistent clinical follow-up.

The primary objective is to compare postoperative vestibular compensation across groups, evaluated through changes in vHIT gain and refixation saccade patterns. Secondary objectives include differences in posturography metrics, DHI scores, and length of hospital stay. Additional exploratory analyses will examine the influence of age, sex, tumor size, and preoperative post-rotatory nystagmus inhibition time (TINPR) on rehabilitation outcomes.

The trial aims to generate evidence to inform future standardized rehabilitation pathways for patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery, integrating digital rehabilitation tools and targeted vestibular stimulation to optimize central compensation mechanisms.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18 and 70 years
• Tumor size between 1.5 cm and 4 cm
• Unilateral vestibular schwannoma

Exclusion Criteria:

• Degenerative neurological conditions
• History of cerebrovascular disease
• Musculoskeletal deformities

The investigators plan to share de-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in publications arising from this study, including data related to primary and secondary outcomes such as vestibular function measures (e.g., vHIT parameters), posturography results, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores, and hospital length of stay. No directly identifiable personal data will be shared. Data will be available from 6 months after publication of the primary results and for up to 5 years thereafter, and will be shared with qualified researchers upon reasonable request and submission of a scientifically sound proposal related to vestibular rehabilitation or postoperative recovery. Approved data will be provided through secure institutional file transfer systems or controlled-access repositories, in accordance with applicable ethical approvals, informed consent, and data protection regulations.

Beginning 6 months after publication of the primary study results and remaining available for 5 years thereafter.

Access to de-identified individual participant data and supporting documentation will be granted to qualified researchers who submit a reasonable, methodologically sound research proposal related to vestibular rehabilitation, vestibular compensation, or postoperative recovery. Requests will be reviewed by the study investigators to ensure scientific merit, ethical compatibility, and alignment with the scope of the original study. Approved applicants will be required to agree to conditions of data use, including appropriate data protection measures and acknowledgment of the original study. Data will be shared through secure institutional file transfer systems or controlled-access repositories following approval.

Sequential convenience sampling approach.