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The goal of this study is to examine the effects of propolis gargle on wound healing following third molar surgery and to compare it with chlorhexidine gluconate. The main question it aims to answer is:
Is propolis-containing gargle safe and effective alternative to chlorhexidine gluconate following impacted third molar surgery? Does propolis demonstrate comparable outcomes in pain control and mouth opening ?
This prospective, randomized clinical study included 52 healthy patients (ASA I) who underwent impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: one group used 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate gargle, while the other used a 3% propolis-containing gargle. Gargles were applied twice daily for one minute from postoperative day 2 to day 7. Pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), while edema, maximum mouth opening, wound healing, and postoperative complications were assessed preoperatively and on postoperative days 2 and 7. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Propolis gargle | Active Comparator | Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: one group used 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate gargle, while the other used a 3% propolis-containing gargle. Gargles were applied twice daily for one minute from postoperative day 2 to day 7. Pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), while edema, maximum mouth opening, wound healing, and postoperative complications were assessed preoperatively and on postoperative days 2 and 7. |
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| Chlorhexidine Gluconate gargle | Active Comparator | Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: one group used 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate gargle, while the other used a 3% propolis-containing gargle. Gargles were applied twice daily for one minute from postoperative day 2 to day 7. Pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), while edema, maximum mouth opening, wound healing, and postoperative complications were assessed preoperatively and on postoperative days 2 and 7. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Third molar Surgery with propolis gargle | Procedure | The patients were anesthetized with inferior alveolar, lingual, and buccal nerve blocks using 4 ml of articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (Ultracaine D-S Fort, Aventis). The tooth could be observed by elevating a full-thickness triangular mucoperiosteal flap. The tooth was extracted following an osteotomy using a bur. The tooth was sectioned and extracted, if required. Curettage was conducted in the presence of a residual dental follicle. The wound was sutured with silk thread. All procedures were conducted by the same physician. Postoperatively, antibiotics (amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid, 2 g daily for 5 days) and analgesics (paracetamol 1 g, up to 4 times daily for 3 days) were recommended. The group was administered a 3% propolis gargle (formulated in an ethanol solution, twice daily for 1 minute, prepared in the Departments of Pharmacology. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Edema | Edema (assessed by measuring the distances between the tragus and lip corner, as well as the outer corner of the eye and mandibular corner, with measurements taken twice using a paper ruler and averaged), It was measured before surgery, after surgery second and seventh days. | Before surgery to after surgery seventh day |
| Pain after surgery | Patient records were collected on the second and seventh days post-operation. The evaluated parameters included pain (measured using the VAS scale). Visual analog scale is used to measure pain intensity. It consists of a straight line usually 10 cm. 0: no pain, 10: worst pain imaginable. The patient marks the point that best represents their pain. | After surgery, post- op second and seventh day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum mouth opening | Maximum mouth opening (the distance between the lower and upper incisors) were measured before surgery and after surgery second and seventh day. | Before surgery to post surgery seventh day |
| Wound aperture |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataturk University Faculty of Dentistry | Erzurum | Yakutiye | 25240 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| Third molar surgery with chlorhexidine gluconate | Procedure | The patients were anesthetized with inferior alveolar, lingual, and buccal nerve blocks using 4 ml of articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (Ultracaine D-S Fort, Aventis). The tooth could be observed by elevating a full-thickness triangular mucoperiosteal flap. The tooth was extracted following an osteotomy using a bur. The tooth was sectioned and extracted, if required. Curettage was conducted in the presence of a residual dental follicle. The wound was sutured with silk thread. All procedures were conducted by the same physician. Postoperatively, antibiotics (amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid, 2 g daily for 5 days) and analgesics (paracetamol 1 g, up to 4 times daily for 3 days) were recommended. The group was administered chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) gargle, twice daily for 1 minute. |
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Wound aperture after surgery was examined for two groups
| From surgery to seventh day after surgery |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C010882 | chlorhexidine gluconate |
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