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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Bozok University | OTHER |
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This study aims to compare two different ways of providing exercise therapy to people with high blood pressure (hypertension) through digital technology. Participants are divided into two groups: one group performs exercises at home while being watched and guided by a physiotherapist in real-time through video calls (synchronous). The other group performs the same exercises by watching pre-recorded videos on their own (asynchronous). The study measures how these two methods affect the patients' exercise capacity, daily blood pressure levels, heart functions, and their ability to manage their own health over an 8-week period.
In this randomized, controlled, single-blinded study, 35 hypertensive individuals are assigned to either a synchronous telerehabilitation (STR) or an asynchronous telerehabilitation (ATR) group. Both groups perform an 8-week aerobic-based calisthenics program consisting of 24 sessions (3 sessions per week, 45 minutes each). The STR group exercises under the live supervision of a physiotherapist via videoconferencing. The ATR group uses pre-recorded video content and maintains an exercise diary. During all sessions, heart rate is monitored in real-time using wearable smartbands to maintain a submaximal intensity (70-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Assessments performed at baseline and at the 8th week include ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), maximal stress tests, self-care inventories, physical activity and body composition.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synchronous Telerehabilitation (STR) | Active Comparator | 8-week aerobic-based calisthenics (3 sessions/week, 45 min/session) under real-time physiotherapist supervision via videoconferencing. |
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| Asynchronous Telerehabilitation (ATR) | Active Comparator | 8-week aerobic-based calisthenics (3 sessions/week, 45 min/session) delivered via pre-recorded videos and exercise diaries. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synchronous Cardiac Telerehabilitation | Behavioral | An 8-week aerobic-based calisthenics program consisting of 24 sessions (3 sessions/week, 45 minutes each). Exercises are performed in real-time under the live supervision of a physiotherapist via videoconferencing (WhatsApp). Intensity is maintained at 70-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate, monitored in real-time using a wearable smartband. Exercises include high knees, knee-to-elbow, side jacks, and other calisthenics. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise Capacity | Change in Functional Exercise Capacity (6-Minute Stepper Test); The number of steps completed within six minutes using a stepper device. Higher step counts indicate better functional capacity. | Before and after the training (0 and 8th Week) |
| Exercise Capacity | Predicted maximal oxygen uptake; Calculated from the duration of the maximal stress test (Bruce protocol) using validated formulas for men and women. It represents maximal aerobic capacity in mL/kg/min. | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure Levels | Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Parameters; Mean 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels measured in mmHg. | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Cardiac Functions |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | Ankara | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38085505 | Result | Brouwers RWM, Scherrenberg M, Kemps HMC, Dendale P, Snoek JA. Cardiac telerehabilitation: current status and future perspectives. Neth Heart J. 2024 Jan;32(1):31-37. doi: 10.1007/s12471-023-01833-9. Epub 2023 Dec 12. |
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The individual participant data will not be shared due to ethical restrictions, institutional policies, and national legal regulations (such as KVKK) regarding the protection of sensitive personal health data in Turkey. The informed consent obtained from participants does not include permission for the public sharing of their raw clinical and diagnostic data.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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Allocation and Sequence: Participants are initially randomly assigned to either the Synchronous Telerehabilitation (STR) or Asynchronous Telerehabilitation (ATR) group using a computer-supported simple randomization procedure.
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| Asynchronous Cardiac Telerehabilitation | Behavioral | The same 8-week aerobic-based calisthenics program (24 sessions, 3 sessions/week) as the STR group. Exercises are performed independently by participants using pre-recorded video content. Participants maintain an exercise diary to record heart rate and blood pressure levels, which are reviewed weekly by a physiotherapist. Exercise intensity is adjusted weekly based on data from the participant's wearable smartband. |
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Systolic functions assessed with echocardiography expressed by ejection fraction (EF, %) and diastolic functions E and A waves measured via transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). E wave represents early diastolic velocity, and A wave represents late diastolic velocity. |
| Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Self-Care Levels | Self-Care of Hypertension Inventory (SC-HI V3.0) Score; A 23-item Likert-type scale with maintenance, monitoring, and management subscales. Each subscale is scored from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better self-care. | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Postural Stability and Upper Extremity Function | Plank test duration (in seconds) | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Lower Extremity Muscle Function | Numbers of Squat | Before and after the trainining (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Objective Physical Activity Level | Average daily and weekly total step counts and weekly exercise duration were recorded using a wearable smart wristband | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Subjective Physical Activity Levels | Self-reported PA levels according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) score. IPAQ includes vigorous, moderate and walking activities during the last seven days and higher scores reflect higher physical activity levels. | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Body Mass Index | Body weight/ (height*height) (kg/m2) | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Body Composition-Anthropometric Measure | Weight to height ratio (kg/cm) | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Body Fat Percantage | body fat percentage (%) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Fat Free Mass | Fat Free Mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Lipid Profile | Measured via blood samples including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in mg/dL. | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |
| Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Profile | Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Profile; Estimated using the SCORE-TR risk chart, which calculates the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease based on age, gender, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. | Before and after the training (0 and 8the weeks) |
| Waist Circumference | Waist Circumference in cm | Before and after the training (0 and 8th weeks) |