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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Alliance for Potato Research and Education | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study is to examine whether incorporating potatoes into meals-either paired with other vegetables or served as a first course-can improve preschoolers' vegetable intake, reduce excess energy intake, and improve overall diet quality. Findings will be used to inform whether potatoes, a well-liked and commonly consumed vegetable, could be leveraged in several ways to improve the overall diet quality of children.
The overall object of this study is to test potato-based strategies to improve diet quality in preschool age children. The specific aims are:
Aim 1: Determine if pairing potatoes with other less-preferred vegetables increases liking and intake of the non-potato vegetables.
Aim 2: Determine if potato-based dishes can be used strategically to reduce intake of more energy-dense entrees.
The effect of potato-based dishes on vegetable intake and total energy intake will be tested across four lunch-time sessions in preschool classrooms. Each lunch session will be randomly assigned to one of the potato dish conditions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Randomization order 1 | Experimental | Participants will complete the four conditions in the following order: 1) potato + vegetable, 2) potato appetizer, 3) no potato, and 4) potato and vegetable separate |
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| Randomization order 2 | Experimental | Participants will complete the four conditions in the following order: 1) no potato, 2) potato + vegetable, 3) potato and vegetable separate, and 4) potato appetizer |
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| Randomization order 3 | Experimental | Participants will complete the four conditions in the following order: 1) potato and vegetable separate, 2) potato appetizer, 3) no potato, and 4) potato + vegetable |
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| Randomization order 4 | Experimental | Participants will complete the four conditions in the following order: 1) potato appetizer, 2) no potato, 3) potato and vegetable separate, and 4) potato + vegetable |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potato + vegetable | Other | A mixed dish of potatoes and other vegetables will be served at lunch |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intake of target vegetable at lunch | Intake of the non-potato target vegetable will be measured at each lunch session by weighing the food dish prior to serving and after the participant has finished eating | At each of four lunch sessions conducted once per week over four weeks |
| Entree intake at lunch | Intake of an energy-dense entree (macaroni and cheese) will be measured at each lunch session by weighing the food dish prior to serving and after the participant has finished eating | At each of four lunch sessions conducted once per week over four weeks |
| Liking of vegetable + potato dishes | Children will be presented with small samples of several vegetable, potato, and vegetable + potato dishes and asked to taste them. Children will rate each food as 'yummy', 'just ok', or 'yucky' using a pictorial scale. We will compare the percentage of children who rate the vegetable with potato (VEG+POT) dishes as yummy to the percentage that rated the same non-potato vegetable alone (VEG) as 'yummy'. | Once at start of study |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Willingness to taste vegetable + potato dishes | Children will be presented with small samples of several vegetable, potato, and vegetable + potato dishes and asked to taste them. Children will rate each food as 'yummy', 'just ok', or 'yucky' using a pictorial scale. We will compare the percentage of children who were willing to taste the vegetable with potato (VEG+POT) dishes to the percentage that were willing to taste the same non-potato vegetable alone (VEG). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Child:
Parent:
Teacher:
Exclusion Criteria:
Child:
Parent:
- Child not enrolled in the study
Teacher exclusion criteria:
- None
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Emily E Hohman, PhD | Penn State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania State University | University Park | Pennsylvania | 16802 | United States |
Deidentified individual participant data will be shared by depositing the data set and relevant metadata into a scientific data repository.
Data will be shared after publication of the primary outcome manuscripts and will be available indefinitely.
Researcher will be able to access the deidentified IPD using protocols established by the data repository.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014675 | Vegetables |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
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Participants will complete four conditions in a randomized order.
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The intervention consists of different combinations of potatoes and vegetables, and data collection includes food intake, and thus masking is not possible for participants or investigators.
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| Randomization order 5 | Experimental | Participants will complete the four conditions in the following order: 1) no potato, 2) potato and vegetable separate, 3) potato + vegetable, and 4) potato appetizer |
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| Randomization order 6 | Experimental | Participants will complete the four conditions in the following order: 1) potato + vegetable, 2) potato and vegetable separate, 3) potato appetizer, and 4) no potato |
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| Potato appetizer | Other | A potato dish will be served as an appetizer at lunch prior to the main course |
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| Potato and vegetable separate | Other | A potato dish and a vegetable dish will be served separately at lunch |
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| No potato | Other | No potato dish will be served at lunch |
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| Once at beginning of study |
| Intake of potatoes at lunch | Intake of the potato dish will be measured at each lunch session by weighing the food dish prior to serving and after the participant has finished eating | At each of four lunch sessions conducted once per week over four weeks |
| Total vegetable intake at lunch | Total intake of potato and non-potato vegetables will be measured at each lunch session by weighing the food dishes prior to serving and after the participant has finished eating | At each of four lunch sessions conducted once per week over four weeks |
| Total energy intake at lunch | Total energy intake in kcal will be measured at each lunch session by weighing the food dishes prior to serving and after the participant has finished eating | At each of four lunch sessions conducted once per week over four weeks |