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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Globally, it is a major public health concern. International studies have linked higher Dietary Antioxidant Index with reduced risk of MetS, as antioxidants play a role in lowering the risk of MetS by reducing oxidative stress, a key contributor to its pathophysiology. Exploring this link in Pakistan can provide valuable insights for dietary strategies to reduce the risk of MetS.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Globally, it is a major public health concern. International studies have linked higher Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) scores with reduced risk of MetS, as antioxidants play a role in lowering the risk of MetS by reducing oxidative stress, a key contributor to its pathophysiology. Exploring this link in Pakistan can provide valuable insights for dietary strategies to reduce the risk of MetS.
Hypothesis: A dietary intervention aimed at improving Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) scores beneficially affects Metabolic Syndrome risk factors among urban adults at risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome.
Material and Methods: A single-group pre-post human interventional study will be conducted among at-risk urban adults identified through the NCEP ATP III and WHO criteria. Dietary recalls will be analyzed in NutriSurvey using the Pakistan Food Composition Table, and any missing nutrient values will be supplemented from the Indian Food Composition Table. Nutrient data will be used to calculate the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI). Individuals with low DAI will receive dietary intervention.
Statistical Analysis: Pre-post changes in DAI and MetS markers will be assessed using paired t-tests, and Pearson's correlation will determine their associations using SPSS 25.
Expected Outcomes: The intervention is expected to reduce key Metabolic Syndrome risk factors while increasing individuals' awareness and motivation to adopt healthier behaviors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Antioxidant Index-Based Dietary Intervention Arm | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive an antioxidant-rich dietary intervention designed to improve the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI). The intervention includes guidance to increase intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and antioxidant-rich foods while limiting pro-oxidant and ultra-processed foods. Changes in DAI and metabolic syndrome components will be assessed before and after the intervention. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant-Focused Diet Intervention | Other | This intervention specifically targets the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) by increasing consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, while limiting pro-oxidant and ultra-processed foods. Unlike general healthy diet interventions, this study focuses on quantifiable antioxidant intake and its direct association with metabolic syndrome risk in urban adults. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) | DAI will be calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls to quantify total antioxidant intake. The primary objective is to assess whether the antioxidant-rich diet increases DAI in participants. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Change in Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score | A composite metabolic syndrome risk score will be calculated by summing standardized z-scores of waist circumference (cm), fasting blood glucose (mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), triglycerides (mg/dL), and inversely weighted HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) to generate a single continuous measure of overall metabolic syndrome risk. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Body Composition | Body composition, including body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass, will be assessed using InBody analyzer to evaluate changes in body composition. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaum Javed, PG | Contact | +92-3040370308 | anaumjaved768@gmail.com | |
| Qaisar Raza, Ph.D | Contact | +92-3002479044 | qaiasr.raza@uvas.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Qaisar Raza, Ph.D | UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES, LAHORE PAKISTAN. | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore Pakistan | Recruiting | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
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This study uses a single-group interventional pre-post design to assess the effect of an antioxidant-rich diet on Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and metabolic syndrome risk.
Participants will receive an antioxidant rich dietary intervention, and changes in DAI and metabolic syndrome parameters will be measured before and after the intervention.
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